The technical advances in navigation systems should enhance the driving experience, supporting drivers’ spatial decision making and learning less familiar or unfamiliar environments. Furthermore, autonomous are expected to take over near future. Yet, previous studies pointed at a still unresolved gap between environmental exploration using topographical maps means. Less is known about impact of...

Monitoring snow depth is important for applications such as hydrology, energy planning, ecology, and safety evaluation outdoor winter activities. Most methods able to estimate large regions can only do so in a spatial resolution of up 1 km ground sampling distance (GSD). This limits their usage high alpine areas, where this fails capture local distribution patterns caused by the pronounced topo...

Introduction: Quadrangle geological maps from Mariner 10 data cover 45% [1] of the surface of Mercury at 1:5M scale, e.g. [2],[3]. Orbital MESSENGER data, which cover the entire planetary surface, can now be used to produce finer scale geological maps, including regions unseen by Mariner 10. Hokusai quadrangle (0–90° E; 22.5–66° N) is in the hemisphere unmapped by Mariner 10. It contains promin...

The topographical characteristic features of a land surface landforms, elevation, rocks, soils, and vegetation. The study was undertaken to prepare an inventory of terrain characteristics. The study area is North latitudes 17d27’00”: 18d18’00”and East longitudes 77d 28’00” and is included in Survey of India toposheets 56G6, 56G10, 56G13, 56G14, 56G15, 56K02, 56K03, 56K06, and 56K07). The IRS-ID...

High-elevation regions in the United States lack detailed atmospheric wet-deposition data. The National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN) measures and reports precipitation amounts and chemical constituent concentration and deposition data for the United States on annual isopleth maps using inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation methods. This interpolation...

D. Ifenthaler and R. Hanewald (eds.), Digital Knowledge Maps in Education: TechnologyEnhanced Support for Teachers and Learners, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-3178-7_2, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 Abstract Digital knowledge maps are rich sources of information to track students’ learning. However, making sense of concept maps has been found challenging. Using multiple quantitative ...