Wind power has emerged the last decades as an important technology for low carbon emitting electricity production. The development was first onshore, but recently many wind farms have been developed offshore due to space availability, low noise and visual impacts. Offshore wind farms experiences higher winds resulting in higher production, but investment costs, and operation and maintenance cos...

The paper presents a detailed review of the state-of-the-art research activities on structural reliability analysis of wind turbines between the 1990s and 2017. We describe the reliability methods including the firstand second-order reliability methods and the simulation reliability methods and show the procedure for and application areas of structural reliability analysis of wind turbines. Fur...

The “Leipzig Wind Profile” is a unique example of a representative wind distribution in the frictional layer which resulted from MILDNER’S set of 28 pilot-balloon observations with two theodolites on October 20, 1931, near Leipzig for a stable weather situation. It is shown, that the vectors of geostrophic motion and ground drag follow from the wind profile when a scalar austausch is assumed. T...

The correlation between parameters characterizing observed westerly wind bursts (WWBs) in the equatorial Pacific and the large-scale SST is analyzed using singular value decomposition. The WWB parameters include the amplitude, location, scale, and probability of occurrence for a given SST distribution rather than the wind stress itself. This approach therefore allows for a nonlinear relationshi...

Recent advances in very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray astronomy have opened a new observational window on the physics of pulsars. The high sensitivity of current imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, and in particular of the H.E.S.S. array, has already led to the discovery of about a dozen VHE-emitting pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) and PWN candidates. These include the plerions in the composite ...

wind erosion is a major environmental issue affecting land resources and socio-economic settings in iran. this paper outlines a study undertaken to provide a new tool to manage wind erosion from physical and economic perspectives. the southern part of the varamin plain in south of tehran is used as a case study. the focus of this study is on exploring the economic and physical impacts of 16 veg...

this article is a comparative evaluation of airflow in two kinds of yazdi and kermani wind-towers. in the late decades of twenty century regarding to high population growth rate and energy crisis, vernacular architecture and its passive methods for gaining thermal comfort, has been strongly focused. moreover, a huge scientific movement setup for researches deep in exploring passive cooling and ...

In Boreal North America, management approaches inspired by the variability in natural disturbances are expected to produce more resilient forests. Wind storms are recurrent within Boreal Ontario. The objective of this study was to simulate wind damage for common Boreal forest types for regular as well as extreme wind speeds. The ForestGALES_BC windthrow prediction model was used for these simul...

Wind power is currently the fastest growing renewable energy application in the United States. Many regions, however, such as the state of Florida, do not have high enough average wind speeds for wind power to be economically feasible. Nevertheless, Florida's extensive coastline may present the opportunity for implementing offshore wind technology. Offshore winds are typically stronger due to t...

The vertical wind speed profile has to be know for many wind power applications. Although the large effect of the thermal stratification is well known normaly the neutral logarithmic wind profile is used, which leads to large errors in the determination of the needed wind speed. In this work a parameterisation of DeBruin for the thermal stratification is testet with measured data from the 200 m...