Spider silks possess a remarkable combination of high tensile strength and extensibility that makes them among the toughest materials known. Despite the potential exploitation of these properties in biotechnology, very few silks have ever been characterized mechanically. This is due in part to the difficulty of measuring the thin diameters of silk fibers. The largest silk fibers are only 5–10 m...

The normal range for aortic root diameters employing the echocardiographic continuous recording technique was determined in 159 adult subjects without aortic valve disease or hypertension. In order to evaluate the accuracy of this noninvasive technique, the aortic root diameters as measured by ultrasound before operation in 31 patients with aortic valve disease were compared with their respecti...

The smallest spherical viruses have a diameter of at least 200 AÊ [e.g. satellite tobacco necrosis virus (Liljas et al., 1982) and satellite tobacco mosaic virus (Larson et al., 1993)]. Many spherical viruses, such as southern bean mosaic virus (Abad-Zapatero et al., 1980) or rhinoviruses (Rossmann et al., 1985), have diameters of 300 AÊ , and many other viruses have much larger diameters [e.g....

During 12 months of sampling, from 17 stations, 327 specimens of Soboor fish Tenualosa ilisha, including 120 females, 113 males and 86 immature were caught. Total length (TL) of the fishes was 120-500mm. Maximum diameters of soboor ova 0.795mm and the ova with diameter more than 0.7 mm released at one spawning round. Temporal and spatial distribution of ova diameter corresponding to GSI changes...

Background: The seeds of some medicinal plants and their compounds have long been valued for their numerous health benefits. Objective:To investigate some physical and chemical properties of Salvia spp. Methods: Some physico-chemical properties in five species of Salvia seeds (consisted of S. officinalis L., S. macrosiphon L., S. hypoleuca L., S. sclarea L. and S. nemorosa L.) were measured ...

The composition and existing species of the reaction production of Hg and X (X= Cl, Br and I) under different conditions, and their absorption, Rayleigh scattering (RS) and resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) spectra have been studied. The results show that the products exist in the form of nanoparticles as [HgX2]n aggregates under suitable conditions, and their average diameters increase with ...

A spanning tree T in a finite planar connected graph G determines a dual spanning tree T ∗ in the dual graph G∗ such that T and T ∗ do not intersect. We show that it is not always possible to find T in G such that the diameters of T and T ∗ are both within a uniform multiplicative constant (independent of G) of the diameters of their ambient graphs.

A spanning tree T in a finite planar connected graph G determines a dual spanning tree T * in the dual graph G * such that T and T * do not intersect. We show that it is not always possible to find T in G such that the diameters of T and T * are both within a uniform multiplicative constant (independent of G) of the diameters of their ambient graphs.

Background: Anatomical and histological studies of the spinal cord have always garnered anatomists’ attention because of their high importance in various fields of veterinary medicine, zoology and behavioral science. OBJECTIVES: This work was conducted to understand the detailed histomorphometric aspects of the spinal cord of Indian gray mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii). METHODS: Six adult Indian...