We report our ten-year experience of hyperchlorination, thermal shock, chlorine dioxide, monochloramine, boilers and point-of-use filters for controlling legionella contamination in a hospital hot water distribution system. Shock disinfections were associated with a return to pre-treatment contamination levels within one or two months. We found that chlorine dioxide successfully maintained leve...

We report a low current collapse GaN-based high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with an excellent thermal stability at 150 °C. The AlN was grown by N2-based plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) and shown a refractive index of 1.94 at 633 nm of wavelength. Prior to deposit AlN on III-nitrides, the H2/NH3 plasma pre-treatment led to remove the native gallium oxide. The X-ray photoe...

objective: the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pre-treatment with curcumin on metabolic changes induced by two different pathophysiological mechanisms in rats (fructose diet and streptozotocin (stz)-induced diabetes mellitus). materials and methods: five groups with 10 rats per group were investigated: control group (healthy rats), fructose diet groups without any pre-treatme...

Magnetic patterning, with designed spatial profile of the desired magnetic properties, has been a rising challenge for developing magnetic devices at nanoscale. Most existing methods rely on locally modifying magnetic anisotropy energy or saturation magnetization, and thus post stringent constraints on the adaptability in diverse applications. We propose an alternative route for magnetic patter...

Sludge disintegration methods are pre-treatment applied to eliminate the hydrolysis phase, which is rate limiting step in decay process of wastewater sludge, increase degree stabilization and amount biogas formed. In this study, effect different (thermal chemical) on solubility sludge was investigated by examining changes dissolved chemical oxygen demand parameter. studies conducted within scop...

Thermal hydrolysis pre-treatment of sludge for anaerobic digestion increases biogas production, enhances volatile solids reduction, and improves dewaterability of digested sludge. This study reports the performance of a thermochemical hydrolysis process (TCHP) that utilizes heat (60°C70 °C) and sodium hydroxide for cell lysis. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impacts of implementi...

non-invasive ultrasound surgeries such as high intensity focused ultrasound have been developed to treat tumors or to stop bleeding. in this technique, incorporation of a suitable imaging modality to monitor and control the treatments is essential so several imaging methods such as x-ray, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound imaging have been proposed to monitor the induced thermal lesions...