objectives: the aim of this study was to assess and compare the water sorption and flexural strength of thermoplastic and conventional acrylic resins. materials and methods: water sorption and flexural strength were compared between a thermoplastic modified polymethyl methacrylate (pmma) denture base resin (group a) and a heat-polymerized pmma acrylic resin (group b) as the control group (n=10)...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Q-switched laser treatments are considered the standard method for removing both regular and traumatic tattoos. Recently, the removal of tattoo ink using ablative fractional lasers has been reported. Ablative fractional CO2 laser and q-switched ruby laser treatments were used in a split-face mode to compare the safety and efficacy of the two types of laser in removing a...

A blue tattoo is more resistant to laser therapy than black or brown tattoos. This study aimed to confirm titanium as a key response-disturbing constituent in a blue tattoo ink after Nd-YAG (1064 nm) laser treatment by animal experiments. Rabbits' backs were tattooed with four ink colours, and the Nd-YAG (1064 nm) laser was used to remove the tattoos. The response to the laser treatment in the ...

BACKGROUND To our knowledge tattooing has never been thought of as a method of introducing nanoparticles (NPs) into the human body by the intradermal route, and as such it has never been a topic of research in nanotoxicology. The content of NPs in tattoo inks is unknown. OBJECTIVES To classify the particle sizes in tattoo inks in general usage. METHODS The particle size was measured by lase...

BACKGROUND European Council resolutions on tattoo ink introduce sterility and preservation of inks to protect customers. Inks used in Denmark are typically purchased over the internet from international suppliers and manufacturers from the US and the UK. In Denmark tattoo inks are regulated and labelled according to REACH as if they were plain chemicals. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study ...

The PCN working group of the IETF discusses the use of pre-congestion notification (PCN) to implement flow admission control. Packet meters and markers are used on all network links and packet markings are recorded as congestion level estimates (CLEs) the egress nodes. The working group currently discusses the pros and cons of possible marking algorithms that play a major role in this new archi...

Scent-marking is widespread among mammals and has been observed in many felid species. Although the behaviour is well-described, little is known about its function in wild felid populations. We investigated patterns of scent-marking and its role in intra- and intersexual communication among resident and non-resident Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx by observing interactions among wild lynx at natural ma...

Assessment is an essential part of the learning process. It is important for educators to provide detailed and reliable evaluations to students so that they can be better prepared for future studies and the workplace. Marking and providing formative feedback can be time-consuming and prone to errors especially when detailed analyses of students’ problem-solving steps are considered. A computer-...