1. The theory of thermoregulation has developed slowly, hampering efforts to predict how individuals can buffer climate change through behaviour. Mixed results of field and laboratory experiments underscore the need to test hypotheses about thermoregulation explicitly, while measuring costs and benefits in different thermal landscapes. 2. We simulated body temperature and energy expenditure of ...

It has long been appreciated that behavior is the most powerful and diverse thermoregulatory mechanism. In animal-based studies a behavioral assay is typically the first assessment when investigating the effect of a perturbation on thermoregulation, highlighting its importance. Oddly however, such an approach has been largely ignored in human research.

Electronic equipment allows fishes, by their spatial movements, to regulate the temperature in experimental tanks. Swimming into warmer water causes the temperature of the entire tank to increase; conversely, swimming into cooler water causes the temperature to decrease. The technique may be adapted for studying simultaneous behavioral regulation of temperature and nonthermal factors.

Insects thermoregulate using both canalized and plastic mechanisms. Populations of insects utilize these mechanisms to different extents, while it is posited that the degree thermal fluctuation a population experiences can determine optimal combination utilize, this still being elucidated. We used three populations generalist grasshopper, Melanoplus differentialis, from sites experiencing degre...