Employing the technique of cell fractionation, Schneider and Hogeboom (’56) described the localization of certain oxidative enzymes. They reported that cytochrome oxidase and succinic dehydrogenase were found only in the mitochondrial fraction while isocitric dehydrogenase was present in the supernatant and DPN and TPN cytochrome c reductases were observed to be in both fractions. More recently...

Thiopurine and its derivatives, including azathioprine (AZA), 6mercaptopurine (6-MP), and 6-thioguanine (6-TG) have been used as pro-drugs in cancer treatment and inflammatory bowel disease. However, unlike canonical DNA and RNA bases that mainly absorb UVC (100-280 nm) and UVB (280-320 nm) light, thiopurine bases are strong UVA (320-400 nm, covering 90% solar UV irradiation) chromophores and s...

Osteosarcoma is the most commonly diagnosed malignant bone tumor in humans, with a higher incidence children and young people. It highly aggressive has high metastatic potential. Its treatment based on both chemotherapy surgical intervention. However, currently used chemotherapeutic agents, such as doxorubicin, have several adverse effects patient. Therefore, there growing demand for new agents...

PURPOSE To investigate the in vitro effect of vital dyes on toxicity and apoptosis in a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line. METHODS ARPE-19 cells were exposed to brilliant blue (BBG), Evans Blue (EB), bromophenol blue (BroB), indocyanine green (ICG), infracyanine green (IfCG), light green (LG), fast green (FG), indigo carmine (IC) and Congo red (CR). Balanced salt solution was used as...

Background and Aim: Previous studies have shown that some dyes used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) have a low pH and may cause root demineralization and remove the smear layer. This study aimed to assess and compare the effects of root biomodification with citric acid and PDT on the adhesion and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experime...

treatment of human promonocytic leukemic cell line u937 with mild hyperthermia in the temperature range of 40-43°c resulted in differentiation of these cells into monocyte/macrophage-like cells in a heat dose and time dependent manner. this process was accompanied by marked morphological, functional and proliferational changes. u937 cells which normally grow in supension in the logarithmic phas...

The effective microorganism (EM-X) fermentation extract is derived from rice bran and seaweed extract. It has been shown to possess anti-oxidation activity both in vitro and in vivo. To our knowledge, the possible in vitro anti-cancer potential of EM-X has not been demonstrated. Here we showed that the double concentrate of EM-X (EM-X2) at concentrations of 20-30% by volume, had growth inhibito...