The combined use of nonlinear optical microscopy and broadband reflectance techniques to assess melanin concentration and distribution thickness in vivo over the full range of Fitzpatrick skin types is presented. Twelve patients were measured using multiphoton microscopy (MPM) and spatial frequency domain spectroscopy (SFDS) on both dorsal forearm and volar arm, which are generally sun-exposed ...

[1] In the polar oceans the ice thickness distribution controls the exchange of heat between the ocean and the atmosphere and determines the strength of the ice. The Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) experiment included a year-long field program centered on a drifting ice station in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas in the Arctic Ocean from October 1997 through October 1998. Here we u...

Sea ice thickness distributions display a ubiquitous exponential de-3 crease with thickness. This tail characterises the range of ice thickness produced 4 by mechanical redistribution of ice through the process of ridging, rafting, and 5 shearing. We investigate how well the thickness distribution can be simulated 6 by representing mechanical redistribution as a generalized stacking process. Su...

The objective of this paper was to analyse sex differences of the thickness of the subchondral mineralised tissue zone (SMZ), and to find out whether systematic changes of SMZ thickness are associated with naturally occurring, non-full-thickness cartilage lesions of human patellae. In 32 methyl-methacrylate-embedded specimens (16 normal, 8 with focal medial, and 8 with lateral lesions) the SMZ ...

In this paper, film thickness and pressure distribution of EHL in line contacts for four kinds of greases and one type of oil are calculated under a series of rolling velocities by wing an inverse solution method. The Herschel-Bulkley model is wed for the rheological characteristics of the grease. Based on the theoretical analysis and numerical calculation, the following influences on film thic...

The first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ1) plays a crucial role in human locomotor movements [1,2,3] but little is known about the articular cartilage of this joint. Previous studies to determine the MTPJ1 cartilage thickness have used the creep indentation [4] or histomorphometric techniques [5]. To the best of our knowledge, imaging has not yet been used for this purpose although it has the ...

In this paper a laminar flow of water on an ice layer subjected to a slip condition is considered numerically. The paper describes a parametric mathematical model to simulate the coupled heat and mass transfer events occurring in moving boundary problems associated with a quasi steady state steady flow process. The discretization technique of the elliptic governing differential equations of mas...

Background Pre-eclampsia is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among pregnant women. This study was done with the objective of measuring abdominal aorta intima-media thickness, serum level of leptin, and lipid profile in neonates of pre-eclampsia mothers and comparing them with neonates of mothers without pre-eclampsia (control group). Materials and Methods Ninety neonates of pre...

anatomical and histomorphometrical study of sheep’s thymus was conducted by 75 apparently healthy fetuses that collected from urmia’s industrial slaughterhouse. after anatomical study, the samples were fixed in 10% formal saline, passaged and histological paraffin sections prepared in 5-7 μm in thickness, and by h&e; method stained. histomorphometrical study performed by graded and latticed len...

In this paper a method is presented for torsional analysis of non-homogeneous tubes with arbitrarily shaped cross-sections. A previously presented method based on Bredt’s theory is extended to achieve formulas for torsional analysis. Shear modulus varies through the thickness according to a power law distribution. To validate the accuracy of the presented formulas for angle of twist and shear s...