Abstract By placing the thermocouples inside steel plate and measuring actual temperature in normalizing process, combined with numerical calculation, variation law of different thickness is simulated calculated. The calculation shows that core cooling rate lowest at beginning cooling. With decrease temperature, changes then continues to decrease. maximum 0.53°C/s-0.35°C/s. When surface reaches...

The elastic-plastic behavior of the material is considered to analyze the effect of an external circumferential crack on a pipe with thickness transition and double slopes. Using the extended finite element method (XFEM), the J-integral of 3D cracks were investigated and compared between straight pipes and pipes with thickness transition and different slopes. Considering internal press...