In this paper a new element for analysis of thin-walled structures is presented, and the effects of secondary shear stresses on longitudinal displacements are examined. Since the Interpolation Functions are based on non-uniform torsional differential equations, the analysis of stiffness matrix is facilitated. Therefore, its ability to produce accurate results with the least number of elements i...

In this paper, we study the behavior of the steady-state voltage potentials in a material composed by an interior medium surrounded by a rough thin layer and embedded in an ambient bounded medium. The roughness of the layer is supposed to be ε–periodic, ε being the small thickness of the layer. We present and validate numerically the rigorous approximate transmissions proved by Ciuperca et al. ...

This paper consists of three major topics. The first topic is a review of challenges encountered in PZT thin film fabrication. Currently, sol-gel processing is one of the most promising techniques to fabricate PZT thin films. There are, however, several major challenges, including crack formation, thermally unstable electrodes, and poor piezoelectric properties. The second topic reveals some in...

two dimensional thin layer chromatography on polyamide sheets is a useful method for identification of pth-amino acids which have very close rf-values. the solvent systems described here are particularly effective and have an edge over other solvent systems used for the separation of pth-amino acids. the solvent systems provide a clear separation of all pth-amono acids except lle / leu in a rel...

drying characteristics of quercus were determined experimentally as a function of temperature, air velocity, and variety (quercus persica and quercus libani). in order to estimate and select a suitable drying curve, five different thin layer drying models were fitted to the experimental data. experiments were performed at the air temperatures of 50, 60 and 70°c. at each temperature level, two a...

In this work, zinc indium tin oxide layers with different compositions are used as the active layer of thin film transistors. This multicomponent transparent conductive oxide is gaining great interest due to its reduced content of the scarce indium element. Experimental data indicate that the incorporation of zinc promotes the creation of oxygen vacancies. In thin-film transistors this effect l...

We have successfully integrated a thermally insulating silica aerogel thin ®lm into a new uncooled monolithic thin ®lm infrared (IR) imaging device. We have calculated noise equivalent temperature differences of 0.04±0.108C from a variety of PbxZryTi12yO3 (PZT) and PbxLa12xZryTi12yO3 (PLZT) pyroelectric imaging elements in these monolithic structures. The low thermal conductivity of the aerogel...

the aim of this study was to prepare liposomes of acyclovir (acy) by thin layer evaporation (tle) and reverse phase evaporation (rev) methods. twenty-seven batches of liposomes from each method were prepared using technique of three variables at three levels (33) factorial design. drug/lipid (molar ratio), hydration volume and hydration time were considered three independent variables in tle me...

identification and use of more efficient enzymes in the food and pharmaceutical industries is the focus of many researchers. the aim of this study was to search for a new bacterial strain capable of producing high levels of pullulanase applicable to biotechnology, the starch bioprocessing and food industries. a new pullulan hydrolyzing bacillus strain was isolated and designated sdk2. morpholog...