We develop a finite-element method for the simulation of dynamic fracture and fragmentation of thin-shells. The shell is spatially discretized with subdivision shell elements and the fracture along the element edges is modeled with a cohesive law. In order to follow the propagation and branching of cracks, subdivision shell elements are pre-fractured ab initio and the crack opening is constrain...

What is CNSL? Cashew nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) is a reddish brown viscous liquid, having the honeycomb structure of the shell of cashew nut obtained from cashew tree. Botanical name of Cashew: Anacardium occidentale L CAS number: 8007-24-7 Area of growth of Cashew tree Coastal areas of Asia and Africa. Mozambique, India, Vietnam and Brazil Specification of Cashew nut shell The shell is about 0.3 ...

Numerous studies have found that chronic cocaine increases dendritic spine density of medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Here, we used single-cell microinjections and advanced 3D imaging and analysis techniques to extend these findings in several important ways: by assessing cocaine regulation of dendritic spines in the core versus shell subregions of NAc in the mouse, over a ...

The coupling of a dynamically adaptive Eulerian Cartesian detonation solver with hierarchical time step refinement to a Lagrangian thin-shell finite element solver with fracture and fragmentation capabilities is presented. The approach uses a level set function to implicitly represent arbitrarily evolving solid structures on the Cartesian mesh. The auxiliary algorithm used to efficiently transf...

Thermal fluctuations strongly modify the large length-scale elastic behavior of cross-linked membranes, giving rise to scale-dependent elastic moduli. Whereas thermal effects in flat membranes are well understood, many natural and artificial microstructures are modeled as thin elastic shells. Shells are distinguished from flat membranes by their nonzero curvature, which provides a size-dependen...

Uniform hollow spheres of Cu2O and CuS were successfully synthesized by chemical transformation of in situ formed sacrificial templates containing Cu(I) in aqueous solutions. The shell thickness of these hollow spheres can be adjusted through the choice of the bromide source used for the formation of intermediate templates. Specifically, thick-shell hollow spheres (about 130-180 nm in shell thi...

In this paper, a study on the vibration of thin cylindrical shells made of a functionally gradient material (FGM) composed of stainless steel and nickel is presented. The effects of the FGM configuration are taken into account by studying the frequencies of two FG cylindrical shells. Type I FG cylindrical shell has nickel on its inner surface and stainless steel on its outer surface and Type II...

A thin shell finite element approach based on Loop’s subdivision surfaces is proposed, capable of dealing with large deformations and anisotropic growth. To this end, the Kirchhoff-Love theory of thin shells is derived and extended to allow for arbitrary in-plane growth. The simplicity and computational efficiency of the subdivision thin shell elements is outstanding, which is demonstrated on a...

The influence of wall elasticity on the response of a Helmholtz resonator is examined by analyzing the canonical case of a thin elastic spherical shell with a circular aperture subject o plane wave excitation. By neglecting the thickness of the wall and representing the elasticity via a "thin shell" theory the problem is reduced to one of solving an integral equation over the aperture for the p...

This paper is concerned with a theoretical model of the head. Neuroanatomical and analytical considerations lead to a fluid-filled spherical shell as a first-generation model. The shell is considered thin, elastic, homogeneous, and isotropic. The shell equations includeboth membrane and bending effects in axisymmetric torsionless motion. The motion of the fluid is governed by the wave equation....