In this study, tretinoin microemulsion has been formulated based on phase diagram studies by changing the amounts and proportions of inactive ingredients, such as surfactants, co-surfactants and oils. The effects of these variables have been determined on microemulsion formation, particle size of the dispersed phase and release profile of tretinoin from microemulsion through dialysis membrane. ...

In this report, a novel silk fibroin hydrogel with a reversible sol–gel transition capacity is presented, in which the base material of this reversible hydrogel is hydrophilic silk fibroin (HSF) obtained by immersing a dried regenerated Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) condensate in deionized water (DI water) and collecting its lixivium. The resulting HSF sol can exhibit an enhanced sol–gel transi...

The rheological behaviour of aqueous suspensions of boehmite (AlO(OH)) modified with different Ce-salts (Ce(NO(3))(3), CeCl(3), Ce(CH(3)COO)(3) and Ce(2)(SO(4))(3)) was investigated at a fixed Ce/Al molar ratio (0.05). Freshly prepared boehmite suspensions were near-Newtonian and time-independent. A shear-sensitive thixotropic network developed when Ce-salts with monovalent anions were introduc...

Abstract An innovative experimental apparatus for the direct measurement of yield stress was conceived and realized. It is based on a torsion pendulum equipped with magnetic dipole rotating cylinder immersed in material to be investigated. The equilibrium state depends mechanical torque applied due an external induction field, elastic reaction suspension wire, shear stress. Experimental results...

A computational fluid dynamics simulation study has been carried out for unsteady laminar flow in a planar 2D T-junction, using non-Newtonian viscoelastic fluids with characteristics similar to those of blood. In the large blood vessels, blood can be modelled as a Newtonian fluid, however in smaller vessels it exhibits non-Newtonian behaviour, showing a shear-thinning viscosity and, additionall...

The rheology of lime binders, which is critical in the final performance of lime mortars and plasters, is poorly understood, particularly in its relationship with the microstructure and colloidal characteristics of slaked lime (Ca(OH)(2)) suspensions (i.e., lime putties). Here, the contrasting flow behavior of lime putties obtained upon slaking (hydration) of soft and hard burnt quicklimes (CaO...

mayonnaise is a popular product which is consumed in large amounts. however, many consumers consider it as a unhealthy product as it contains high amounts of oil. therefore, production of low fat mayonnaise with a quality close to that of traditional one might respond to consumer demand. in the present study, gum tragacanth was used as a fat replacer for the preparation of low fat (lf) mayonnai...

In this work we review the literature for possible confirmation of a phenomenon that was proposed to develop when water is left to stand for some time undisturbed in closed vessels. The phenomenon has been termed thixotropy of water due to the weak gel-like behaviour which may develop spontaneously over time where ions and contact with hydrophilic surfaces seem to play important roles. Thixotro...

Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to airway epithelia is inefficient in part because its receptor is absent on the apical surface of the airways. Targeting adenovirus to other receptors, increasing the viral concentration, and even prolonging the incubation time with adenovirus vectors can partially overcome the lack of receptors and facilitate gene transfer. Unfortunately, mucociliary clearanc...