tramadol hydrochloride, a synthetic opioid, acts via a multiple mechanism of action. tramadol can potentially change the behavioral phenomena. the present study evaluates the effect of tramadol after single or multiple dose/s on the spatial memory of rat using object recognition task (ort). tramadol, 20 mg/kg, was injected intraperitoneally (i.p) as a single dose or once a day for 21 successive...

Background Quantification of myocardial iron overload is critical for the management of patients with hemochromatosis. The effects of excess iron on T1 and T2* relaxation times correlate directly with tissue iron concentration. T2* became the clinical standard at 1.5T as it can be easily obtained in a fast one breath-hold ECG gated multi-echo GRE sequence. At 3T, however, T2* quantification can...

Dear editor, This is a case of a 68-year-old right-handed man admitted to the hospital with 2 days of acute onset of slurred speech and unsteady gait. He denied any other neurological complaints. His past medical history was significant for alcohol dependence with daily alcohol use and 1 day a week of binge drinking for >10 years. He denied any history of alcohol-related seizures, DTs, psychiat...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE By calculating T2 relaxation times for intervertebral disks, we tested the hypothesis that disk water concentration increases between the first and second decades of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS In subjects younger than 10 years old (group 1) and subjects between 19 and 20 years old (group 2), a sagittal MR image of the lumbar spine was obtained with a modified 3D fast s...

Background Quantification of myocardial iron overload is critical for the management of patients with hemochromatosis. The effects of excess iron over T2 and T2* relaxation times are well known and both measures strongly correlate with iron concentration. Due to its lower sensitivity to B0 inhomogeneities, T2 has theoretical advantages over T2*, but the latter became the clinical standard as it...

The present study was carried out to observe the effect on performance, nutrient utilization, plasma enzymes and hormones in growing Sahiwal calves fed with three levels of proteins in the form of total mixed rations (TMRs). Fifteen male Sahiwal calves (12-18 month age) were distributed into three equal groups (147.35 ± 5.46 kg) and were fed on isocaloric diets containing different protein leve...

BACKGROUND Anti-angiogenic treatment in recurrent glioblastoma patients suppresses contrast enhancement and reduces vasogenic edema while non-enhancing tumor progression is common. Thus, the importance of T2-weighted imaging is increasing. We therefore quantified T2 relaxation times, which are the basis for the image contrast on T2-weighted images. METHODS Conventional and quantitative MRI pr...

background transfusion-induced iron overload leads to many complications in patients with β-thalassemia major. this study aimed to compare the level of iron stored in the liver and heart measured by mri t2 * with ferritin levels in these patients. materials and methods this study was done on 52 patients with β-thalassemia major aged 7 to 29 years. serum ferritin level was checked and heart and ...

Sir, The treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is increasingly difficult due to the rising resistance of uropathogens towards commonly used antimicrobials, such as sulphonamides, quinolones and even third-generation cephalosporins. Nitrofurantoin, a useful agent against non-complicated cystitis, faces very low resistance prevalence, even in countries where resistance to other drugs is ra...