rangeland ecosystems shift across dynamic thresholds between differentecological states in response to natural or human-induced factors. these differentecological states are the result of interactions among climate, soils, grazing history,and management practices. the notion of a single ‘‘pristine’’ final state is onlyconceptual in nature, and because of this, dynamic thresholds and the effects...

we apply the two-sector production function developed by ram (1986) to estimate the threshold regression model for iran, concerning the effect of government size on economic growth. three government size indicators are used to find out the different threshold points. the results show a non-linear relationship of the armey curve in iran, in which the threshold effects corresponding to total gove...

While numerical simulation is generally regarded as indispensable for wavefront engineering tasks such as OPC decoration and phase-shift mask design, full resist models are rarely used for this purpose. By “full resist models”, we mean models derived from a physical, mechanistic description of the chemical response of the photoresist to exposure and the subsequent PEB and develop processes. Mor...

The effective conductivities are determined for randomly oriented disklike particles using an efficient computational algorithm based on the finite element method. The pairwise intersection criteria of disks are developed using a set of vector operations. An element partition scheme has been implemented to connect the elements on different disks across the lines of intersection. The computed co...

This paper studies inference about the values of the parameters in the threshold model in a generalized method of moments (GMM) framework. First, we establish that the extensively studied least squares method leads to substantially oversized tests and confidence intervals when the coeffi cient change is not large. Second, by re-ordering the data to recast the threshold model as a structural bre...

In this paper we consider the problem of privately computing the intersection of sets (setintersection), as well as several variations on this problem: cardinality set-intersection, threshold set-intersection, and over-threshold set-intersection. Cardinality set-intersection is the problem of determining the size of the intersection set, without revealing the actual threshold set. In threshold ...

There are many unavoidable noise interferences in image acquisition and transmission. To make it better for subsequent processing, the noise in the image should be removed in advance. There are many kinds of image noises, mainly including salt and pepper noise and Gaussian noise. This paper focuses on the research of the Gaussian noise removal. It introduces many wavelet threshold denoising alg...

Pulmonary contusion is the most commonly identified thoracic soft tissue injury in an automobile crash and after blunt chest trauma and affects 10-17% of all trauma admissions. The mortality associated with pulmonary contusions is significant and is estimated to be 10-25%. Thus, there is a need to develop a finite element model based injury metric for pulmonary contusion for the purpose of pred...

The effective conductivity of a fibrous composite is investigated using the Monte Carlo simulation scheme and the finite-element method. The conductive fibers are modeled as randomly distributed resistors in a nonconductive matrix. The gap elements are constructed between neighboring fibers to model the interfiber contact. The resistance of a gap element is defined as a function of the gap dist...