BACKGROUND Thyroid hormone plays a critical role in fetal development. In pregnancy, increased thyroid hormone synthesis is required to meet fetal needs, resulting in increased iodine requirements. OBJECTIVE This article outlines changes to thyroid physiology and iodine requirements in pregnancy, pregnancy specific reference ranges for thyroid function tests and detection and management of th...

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is the primary regulator of thyroid growth and function acting via cyclic AMP signaling cascades. In cultured thyrocytes, insulin and/or insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are required for mediating thyrocyte proliferation in concert with TSH. To determine the role of insulin signaling in thyroid, growth in vivo, mice with thyrocyte-selective ablation of th...

OBJECTIVE: Due to the increased prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in subjects with type 2 diabetes and also this fact that antibodies could potentially identify subjects at risk of thyroid dysfunction, this study was conducted to investigate thyroid autoimmunity in type 2 diabetic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Among patients referred to Yazd Diabetes Research Center, 4000 type 2 diabetic pat...

OBJECTIVE: Diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease are the two common endocrinopathies seen in adult population. Studies to evaluate thyroid disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes are lacking. The aim of this study was to compare prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and autoim-munity in type 2 diabetic patients with age and sex matched non-diabetic control group. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Among pat...

BACKGROUND Subjects consuming protein-restricted diets, such as patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) or milder hyperphenylalaninemias (HPAs) are at risk of selenium deficiency. Selenium is a cofactor of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase and of the thyroid hormone converting enzyme thyroxine deiodinase. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to investigate the effects of low plasma selenium on anti...