OBJECTIVE Pregnancy is accompanied by profound alterations in thyroid economy and relative iodine deficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate urinary iodine excretion of pregnant women in cities with adequate and more than adequate iodine intake. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed on schoolchildren and pregnant women in four cities in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Urinary iod...

The aim of the present study was to establish the usefulness of conventional thyroid ultrasonography (US) and color flow-doppler (CFD) sonography in the assessment of 'cold' thyroid nodules. One hundred and four consecutive patients with thyroid nodules who were to undergo surgery were examined by US and CFD before thyroidectomy. Conventional US evaluated the presence of a halo sign, hypoechoge...

• The authors have no financial conflicts of interest. which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. issue of YMJ, is a well-written paper and we want to acknowledge Park, et al. 1 for their comprehensive article on malignant thyroid nodules with macrocalcification as it provides important informations ...

background : pancreas as the insulin-producing gland is subjected to destruction and change in the diabetes-producing process. realtime sonography can assess the gland in 95% of cases and its accuracy in diagnosis of pancreatic disease matches that of ct-scan. the purpose of this study was to evaluate pancreatic diameter and echogenicity by sonography and to examine the correlation of these two...

background: angiosarcoma can develop in all parts of the body containing blood vessels, including breast. statistically, less than 10% of all angiosarcomas originate in the breast. angiosarcoma accounts for less than 0.05% of breast primary cancers. primary angiosarcoma develops without a history of treatment for breast cancer, whereas secondary angiosarcoma develops in patients who have alread...

OBJECTIVE To study the role of perineal sonography in the diagnosis of an ectopic ureteric opening into the urethra. METHODS In this study, carried out over about 4 years, perineal sonography was done to look for a ureter opening ectopically into the urethra in patients for whom abdominal sonography showed the ureter descending below and beyond the urinary bladder. RESULTS Perineal sonograp...

Our purpose was to compare the ultrasound visualization of the early first-trimester embryo using transvaginal and intrauterine sonography. In all, 32 women about to undergo therapeutic abortion at 6-8.9 weeks gestation were studied using a specially developed catheter-based, high-resolution, real-time miniature (2.4 mm outer diameter) ultrasonography transducer (20 MHz). Before the intrauterin...