Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a vaccine-preventable disease caused by a flavivirus (TBE virus) that is endemic in many European countries and large parts of Central and Eastern Asia. In Europe, highly purified formalin-inactivated whole virus vaccines are in widespread use, but the vaccination coverage differs significantly between countries with TBE endemicity. Austria presents an exception...

Tick borne diseases are caused by different microorganisms and transmitted by ticks. They are the most prevalent and devastating diseases in the developing countries all over the world. The objective of this paper is to review tick borne hemoparasitic diseases of ruminants. Tick borne hemoparasitic diseases of ruminants such as Anaplasmosis, Babesiosis and Theileriosis remain most important in ...

Rickettsia is a group of vector-borne organisms that beget acute febrile illnesses throughout the world. While clinical presentation rickettsial infection analogous, causative species and epidemiology can vary depending upon region. Purpura fulminans (PF) rare pattern intravascular thrombosis haemorrhagic infarction skin fleetly progressive accompanied by vascular collapse disseminated coagulat...

We describe a man with a febrile illness and an eschar that developed at the site of a tick bite. Rickettsia parkeri was detected and isolated from the eschar. This report represents the second documented case of R. parkeri rickettsiosis in a US serviceman in eastern Virginia.

This review examines the phenomenon of co-feeding transmission in tick-borne pathogens. This mode of transmission is critical for the epidemiology of several tick-borne viruses but its importance for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the causative agents of Lyme borreliosis, is still controversial. The molecular mechanisms and ecological factors that facilitate co-feeding transmission are theref...

Tick-transmitted diseases are an emerging health problem, and the hard tick Ixodes ricinus is the main vector for Borrelia spp., tick-borne encephalitis virus and most of the spotted fever Rickettsiae in Europe. The aim of the present study was to examine the incidence of rickettsial infection in the southernmost and south central parts of Sweden and the Åland Islands in Finland, the risk of in...

Ticks are capable of transmitting viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and rickettsiae to man. Several of these tick-borne pathogens can lead to pulmonary disease. Characteristic clinical features, such as erythema migrans in Lyme disease, or spotted rash in a spotted fever group disease, may serve as important diagnostic clues. Successful management of tick-borne diseases depends on a high index of su...

In Europe, Ixodes ricinus is the vector of many pathogens of medical and veterinary relevance, among them Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and tick-borne encephalitis virus, which have been the subject of numerous investigations. Less is known about the occurrence of emerging tick-borne pathogens like Rickettsia spp., Babesia spp., "Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis," and Anaplasma phagocytophi...

Several mosquito-borne viral infections have recently emerged in North America; West Nile virus is the most common in the United States. Although West Nile virus generally causes a self-limited, flulike febrile illness, a serious neuroinvasive form may occur. Dengue is the most common vector-borne viral disease worldwide, and it has been a significant public health threat in the United States s...