This paper shows new preimage attacks on reduced Tiger and SHA-2. Indesteege and Preneel presented a preimage attack on Tiger reduced to 13 rounds (out of 24) with a complexity of 2. Our new preimage attack finds a one-block preimage of Tiger reduced to 16 rounds with a complexity of 2. The proposed attack is based on meet-in-themiddle attacks. It seems difficult to find “independent words” of ...

Tiger moths (Erebidae: Arctiinae) have experienced intense selective pressure from echolocating, insectivorous bats for over 65 million years. One outcome has been the evolution of acoustic signals that advertise the presence of toxins sequestered from the moths' larval host plants, i.e. acoustic aposematism. Little is known about the effectiveness of tiger moth anti-bat sounds in their natural...

Background Large carnivores influence ecosystem functions at various scales. Thus, their local extinction is not only a species-specific conservation concern, but also reflects on the overall habitat quality and ecosystem value. Species-habitat relationships at fine scale reflect the individuals' ability to procure resources and negotiate intraspecific competition. Such fine scale habitat choic...

In investigating criminal cases of poaching and smuggling involving tigers (Panthera tigris), the number of tiger individuals involved is critical for determining the penalty. Morphological methodologies do not often work because tiger parts do not possess the distinctive characteristics of the individual. Microsatellite DNAs have been proved a reliable marker for the individualization of anima...

Populations of leopards and tigers in the Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, India, appear to be declining. To identify the cause of this decline, we examined the diets and the relative densities of leopards and tigers, comparing scat from this park with that from the Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, a park known to have high leopard and tiger densities. Results suggested that the leopard density...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In December 2010 four, lions and one tiger died at the Tehran zoo. Out of all samples, Burkholderia mallei (causative agent of Glanders) was isolated just from ulcer sample of the tiger which was imported to Iran from Russia. MATERIALS AND METHODS One nasal swab from a tiger and fifteen blood samples with anticoagulant belonging to one tiger and fourteen lions (four ...

fish oil is the important fat source in fish nutrition. high demand for fish oil and low global supply arise a need of alternative oils in fish culture. plant oils are a good candidate in this case. the aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of fish oil and linseed oil on growth and stress resistance of tiger barb ( puntius tetrazona ) larvae. artemia nauplii were enriched by 2.5,...

backgrounds and objectives: to obtain information about aflatoxigenicity of isolated aspergillus flavus strains from shrimps. material and methods: forty - three isolates of aspergillus flavus from cultured green tiger shrimps of persian gulf were examined for their ability to produce aflatoxins. initially two media; aflatoxin producing ability medium and coconut agar medium were used to detect...

Understanding how population dynamics change over time is critical to many practical problems as pest control, endangered species protection etc. Teaching population ecology is not easy since data is usually collected over a very long period. This paper discusses a specific tiger population case study relating to growth rate predictions using an online virtual lab. Studying tiger populations an...