Biodegradable porous scaffolds have been investigated as an alternative approach to current metal, ceramic, and polymer bone graft substitutes for lost or damaged bone tissues. Although there have been many studies investigating the effects of scaffold architecture on bone formation, many of these scaffolds were fabricated using conventional methods such as salt leaching and phase separation, a...

the subject of geometry and proportions has been regarded as an issue which has a close relationship with architecture. since the entire universe, living beings and the human geometry can be seen clearly, that’s why our unconscious essence has accustomed to these proportions whereby reflection of this mentality can be seen in the architect’s hands and thought in the architecture. it can witness...

ego identity defined as a fundamental element of a person and as self-continuum, mental andinward image that an individual has about him or herself. this subject investigated in contemporary world, amply.for actualizing and testing this concept, four bases including achievement, moratorium, foreclosure and diffusionintroduced and based on this framework, and the effect of different factors on e...

RM The primary goal of fine-needle aspiration is to acquire individual cells as opposed to tissue, which is the aim of fine-needle biopsy. Cells may not necessarily provide the stroma, or the associated architecture, of the surrounding tissue. Thus, if the surrounding architecture is needed to make a diagnosis, a fine-needle biopsy, which typically uses a core biopsy needle, should provide that.

In exploring the evolution of Iranian architecture from prototypes to the present day, Qajar architecture is an important part of Iranian architecture history. The importance of this era's architecture is because large changes in conceptual and physical context occurred slowly in Iranian architecture during this time. These changes, especially from the Nasserian period (the second Qajar era), h...

This paper describes a method to construct macroscopic heterogeneous 3D tissue architecture by molding bead based micro-tissue units, so called “cell beads”. We prepared mass-producible monodisperse collagen micro-gel beads coated with cells that we could stack into a mold to produce large-scale tissues rapidly with uniform cell density (Fig. 1). By using different types of cell beads or assemb...

A paradigm shift is taking place in medicine from using synthetic implants and tissue grafts to a tissue engineering approach that uses degradable porous material scaffolds integrated with biological cells or molecules to regenerate tissues. This new paradigm requires scaffolds that balance temporary mechanical function with mass transport to aid biological delivery and tissue regeneration. Lit...

The success of flapless immediate implant placement is dependent on the bony architecture on the buccal aspect of the socket. The presence of a fenestration defect in the buccal cortical plate may jeopardize the esthetic outcome, especially if the clinician does not undertake adequate soft and hard tissue augmentation procedures. This article describes the use of an esthetic buccal flap design ...