Recently, we demonstrated that intratracheal transplantation of human umbilical cord blood- derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) attenuates Escherichia (E) coli- induced acute lung injury primarily by down- modulating inflammation and enhancing bacterial clearance iQn mice. This study was performed to elucidate the mechanism underlying the antibacterial effects of MSCs. The growth of E. coli i...

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are a family of pattern recognition receptors identifying pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). They play a critical role in the innate immune response during the initial interaction between the infecting microorganism and phagocytic cells. Here, we verified the presence of TLR-2 in spleen, lymph node and thymus of Swiss albino mice and their modulation after...

objective(s) using a cancer murine model of invasive aspergillosis (ia), we investigated the expression of tlr-2, dectin-1 and the level of cytokine production by cd4+ t helper cells in different groups of mice (with or without cancer), also, the effect of invasive aspergillosis on the immune response pattern of cancer mice. materials and methods patterns of susceptibility and resistance to inf...

conclusions to date, a large number of viruses are proved to trigger innate immunity via tlrs, suggesting that these receptors are likely to be important in the outcome of viral infection. this suggestion is supported by the observation that many viruses have evolved mechanisms not only to evade the innate immune system, but also to subvert it for the benefit of the virus. materials and methods...

BACKGROUND Although several studies have suggested single gene defects or variations in the genes associated with host immune response could confer differences in susceptibility to urinary pathogen invasion, no studies have examined the genetic polymorphisms in various toll-like receptors (TLRs) that activate innate immune responses in pediatric renal parenchymal infections of different clinica...

The Toll-like receptors (TLR) play an instructive role in innate and adaptive immunity by recognizing specific molecular patterns from pathogens. Autophagy removes intracellular pathogens and participates in antigen presentation. Here, we demonstrate that not only TLR4, but also other TLR family members induce autophagy in macrophages, which is inhibited by MyD88, Trif, or Beclin 1 shRNA expres...