Previous studies have shown that mast cell granules (MCG) inhibit numerous macrophage functions including tumour cytotoxicity, superoxide and nitric oxide (NO) production, and FCgamma2a receptor-mediated phagocytosis. In this study, the effect of MCG on macrophage TNF alpha and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression, and the production and fate of TNF alpha were examined. Upon activation ...

HIV-1 infection of human PBMC has been shown to elicit secretion of several different cytokines. TNF-alpha secretion induced by this virus has been of particular interest because it has been associated with the development of HIV-1 dementia and because TNF-alpha increases viral replication by enhancing NF-kappaB interaction with the viral promoter, the HIV-1 long terminal repeat. Thus, an autoc...

The adapter protein TRIF mediates signal transduction through TLR3 and TLR4, inducing production of type I IFNs and inflammatory cytokines. The present study investigates the mechanisms by which TRIF signaling controls TNF-alpha biosynthesis. We provide evidence that, in LPS-stimulated murine dendritic cells, TRIF stimulates TNF-alpha biosynthesis selectively at the posttranscriptional level by...

We tested whether a decrease in the ratio of interleukin-10 (IL-10) to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) correlates with the decrease in cardiac function in heart failure. It has been suggested that TNF-alpha plays a role in the progression of heart failure, and the effect of TNF-alpha in many tissues is modulated by IL-10. Any relation of these two cytokines to heart failure has never be...

The molecular mechanism whereby tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induces insulin resistance in obesity is not well understood. Previously, we have shown that inhibition of TNF-alpha improved hepatic insulin sensitivity in obese Zucker rats without altering the tyrosine phosphorylation of liver insulin receptors (IRs), which indicates that the TNF-alpha and insulin-signaling cascades inte...

Although lead and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), both important environmental pollutants, activate cells through different receptors and participate in distinct upstream signaling pathways, Pb increases the amount of LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). We examined the cells responsible for the excess production of Pb-increased LPS-induced TNF-alpha and liver injury, and the roles of...

The role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes mellitus was tested in the nonobese mouse (NOD) model system. The effects of TNF-alpha were assessed on three levels: (i) insulitis development, (ii) development of overt diabetes, (iii) adoptive transfer of diabetes by splenic lymphocytes. Spontaneous diabetes mellitus was blocked in NOD mice by long...

The role of TNF-alpha in the control of mycobacterial growth in murine macrophages was studied in vitro. Infection of macrophages from TNF-alpha gene disrupted (TNF-knockout (KO)) mice with recombinant Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) expressing the vector only (BCG-vector) resulted in logarithmic growth of the intracellular bacilli. Infection with BCG-secreting murine TNF-alp...

INTRODUCTION Passive blockade of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) has demonstrated high therapeutic efficiency in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, although some concerns remain such as occurrence of resistance and high cost. These limitations prompted investigations of an alternative strategy to target TNF-alpha. This study sought to demonstrate a long-lasting...

Both human recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) inhibit the in vitro clonal growth of human myeloid leukemic cells. We investigated the in vitro interaction of TNF alpha and RA with normal and a variety of leukemic myeloid cells. With the promyelocytic HL-60 cells, TNF alpha (greater than or equal to 2.5 U/mL) in combination with RA synergisticall...