BACKGROUND The cornerstone of the National Health Service (NHS) reforms was the establishment of an internal market, which separated purchasing and providing roles. As purchasers of care, general practice fundholders were seen as a pivotal part of the 'new patient-led NHS', which was intended to lead to improved cost-containment and cost-effectiveness, quality of care, and patient choice and em...

We discuss the use of multivariate kernel smoothing methods to date manuscripts dating from the 11th to the 15th centuries, in the English county of Essex. The dataset consists of some 3300 dated and 5000 undated manuscripts, and the former are used as a training sample for imputing dates for the latter. It is assumed that two manuscripts that are “close”, in a sense that may be defined by a ve...

This paper provides an overview of current cryptographic techniques, targeting management and focussing on applicability of cryptographic tools and on the level of their security. The paper shows real-life examples and latest developments in the area. It also brings recommendations that should help managers to understand the necessary basics, what is really important and how to manage cryptology.

Considerable evidence suggests that "the lower the better" is a reasonable approach for reducing cardiovascular risk by lowering LDL cholesterol levels. Despite the reduction in cardiovascular events and mortality achieved by statin therapy, significant residual risk remains, especially in severe hereditary hypercholesterolemia, such as familial hypercholesterolemia. Some new strategies to achi...

In January, in my first editorial as editor in chief for Diabetes Care, I described our editorial team’s future plans for the journal. With all the changes we were experiencing in research progress, in data dissemination, in the funding of priorities, in health care changes, and in the increased burden of diabetes worldwide, I was very optimistic thatDiabetes Carewas “well positioned to take ad...

The goal of this research is the determining of planting date and providing agricultural calendar for corn in Kermanshah province using climatic elements of temperature and rain fall. so, at first, long term  climatic statistics are collected from 2001 to 2011  and then  considered to temperature and rain fall parameters like  absolute maximum and minimum  in region during growth period, planti...

The goal of this research is the determining of planting date and providing agricultural calendar for corn in Kermanshah province using climatic elements of temperature and rain fall. so, at first, long term  climatic statistics are collected from 2001 to 2011  and then  considered to temperature and rain fall parameters like  absolute maximum and minimum  in region during growth period, planti...