نتایج جستجو برای: tobacco convention
تعداد نتایج: 65981 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
OBJECTIVES Assess the socioeconomic costs of smoking in Lebanon and understand the tobacco market and identify the winners and losers from the Lebanese tobacco trade. METHODS We take a close look at the market for tobacco and related markets to identify the main stakeholders and estimate the direct costs and benefits of tobacco. We also estimate lower bounds for the costs of tobacco, in terms...
The tobacco industry has adapted its promotional strategies as tobacco-control measures have increased. This paper describes the tobacco industry's strategies on smoking manners and illustrates how these interfere with tobacco-control policy in Japan where tobacco control remains weak. Information on the tobacco industry's promotional strategies in Japan was collected through direct observation...
In 2005, the World Health Organization set a global goal to reduce the rate of death from chronic (noncommunicable) disease by an additional 2% every year. A major component in this strategy was a reduction in the use of tobacco products, as described in the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. According to recent estimates, over 10 yrs (2006–2015) 13.8 million dea...
Graphic warning labels (GWLs) have been developed as a representative non-price policy to block such marketing. This study investigated the current state and effect of the global introduction of GWLs and examines the future tasks related to GWLs. We systematically reviewed literatures on GWL and a tobacco control strategy in the past fifteen years. The policy of enforcing GWLs has spread global...
In 2003, governments adopted the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, the world's first global health treaty. In the decade since the treaty was adopted by 178 member states of the World Health Organization, there have been substantial achievements in reducing tobacco use around the world. Research and evidence on the impact of interventions and policies have helped drive this policy progre...
Background: The Japanese government is an important shareholder in the Japanese tobacco industry. Negotiations to develop the WHO’s historic Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) were based on consensus, resulting in countries needing to agree to the lowest acceptable common denominator in clause development. Objective: To illustrate Japan’s role in negotiating key optional language in...
Alice Grainger Gasser, Cassandra Welch, Monika Arora, and Eduardo Bianco have worked on projects funded by pharmaceutical companies producing medication for tobacco dependence treatment. The remaining authors report no relationships that could be construed as a conflict of interest. From the *World Heart Federation, Geneva, Switzerland; yCWJ Consulting, Nairobi, Kenya; zPublic Health Foundation...
The ill effects of second-hand smoke are now well documented. To protect the population from exposure to tobacco smoke, comprehensive smoking bans are necessary as expressed in the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and its guidelines. Switzerland has only a partial smoking ban full of exceptions which has been in effect since 2010, which reproduces the so-called Spanish model. In Sept...
Countries split over tobacco treaty Governmentnegotiators fromover150 countries met in Geneva in May for a second round of talks on a global treaty on tobacco control and quickly found themselves at loggerheads over how vigorously the treaty should clamp down on tobacco advertising, sponsorship, and promotion. One striking development at these talks was the advent of a new, and highly vocal, co...
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