Within the group of maternal effect genes necessary for the establishment of the dorsal-ventral pattern of the Drosophila embryo, the Toll gene mutates to give a singular variety of embryonic phenotypes. Lack of function alleles produce dorsalized embryos as a recessive maternal effect. Dominant gain of function alleles result in ventralized embryos. Other recessive alleles cause partial dorsal...

A stripe pattern is an aposematic or camouflage coloration often observed among various caterpillars. However, how this ecologically important pattern is formed is largely unknown. The silkworm dominant mutant Zebra (Ze) has a black stripe in the anterior margin of each dorsal segment. Here, fine linkage mapping of 3,135 larvae revealed a 63-kbp region responsible for the Ze locus, which contai...

The epidermis serves as a protective barrier in animals. After epidermal injury, barrier repair requires activation of many wound response genes in epidermal cells surrounding wound sites. Two such genes in Drosophila encode the enzymes dopa decarboxylase (Ddc) and tyrosine hydroxylase (ple). In this paper we explore the involvement of the Toll/NF-κB pathway in the localized activation of wound...

This paper establishes a new mobile electronic toll collection (m-ETC) by integrating mobile communication with radio frequency (RF) communication on microprocessor control with an e-commerce business model. A simple ETC system architecture and protocol for e-transactions from vehicles to toll stations is proposed to complete toll interaction on wireless environment. A software flow through Int...

Many urban areas and states are facing an increase in population density and the industrial base, creating traffic congestion and jams at toll plazas on major highways during rush hours. This article provides a detailed study and analysis of the performance evaluation of a toll plaza using discrete event simulation modeling. Under a given time-dependent traffic flow and a set of specified model...

The use of toll-like receptor agonists in immunotherapy is a new approach in the prevention of immunosuppression during fatal Leishmania parasite infection. The objective of such immunotherapy is to activate specific cell-mediated immune responses, macrophage activation and antigen-responsive inflammation, to kill intracellular amastigotes. Toll-like receptor agonist-based treatment in immunoco...