Spine-like or protruding structures, which may be aposematic for predators, are often observed in multiple segments of lepidopteran larvae (caterpillars). For example, the larvae of the Chinese wheel butterfly, Byasa alcinous, display many protrusions on their backs as a warning that they are toxic. Although these protrusions are formed by an integument lined with single-layered epidermal cells...

The relationship between the volume of sphenoid sinus (SS) and the prevalence of internal carotid artery (ICA) and optic nerve (ON) protrusions in the SS was studied by using high-resolution CT imaging. The ICA and ON protrusions in SS were observed in randomly selected normal head CT scanning images from 350 adult subjects. According to the incidence of ICA protrusion, three groups were divide...

Ball-and-sockets and protrusions are specialized interlocking membrane domains between fiber cells of the avascular lenses in all species studied [1, 2]. Although both domains are similar in their shape, surface morphology and are highly enriched with aquaporin-0 water channel protein, our previous studies reveal that ball-and-sockets and protrusions possess important structural and functional ...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of peroxiredoxin 1 (Prdx1) in the invasiveness of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to determine overexpression of Prdx1 in human PDAC tissues. Immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry were used to determine the interaction and intracellular distribution of Prdx1 and a member of t...

Morphometric parameters are analyzed and systematized of parasitic nematodes the species Trichuris sylvilagi Tiner, 1950, obtained from Lepus europaeus (Pallas, 1778). The following suggested for exact identification female T. nematodes: sizes body, its anterior posterior parts, width body at connection esophagus intestine, specific location vesicular cuticular protrusions vulva. Five metric es...

We show that coupling between a fast and a slow relaxation time causes the spontaneous formation of protrusions in colloids made of cross-linked polymers. The volume of the protrusions can be controlled by adjusting the ratio between the relaxation times. This, in principle, results in particles with levels of anisotropy that can be made "to order".

objective(s):long-term treatment with antipsychotics causes serious side effects such as tardive dyskinesia that characterized by abnormal movements in the orofacial region. oxidative stress in the brain specific area is implicated in the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia. in this study the protective effect of crocin on haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia was evaluated. materials and ...