Abstract Background and Aims: The Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) is a baculovirus and very effective biological control agent against apple pest, codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. especially for healthy organic apple production and protection.  Not only, screening of CpGV isolates via biochemical variation, but also their biological variation is practically necessary.  Howeve...

In pharmaceutical drug discovery and agricultural crop product discovery, in vivo bioassay experiments are used to identify promising compounds for further research. The reproducibility and accuracy of the bioassay is crucial to be able to correctly distinguish between active and inactive compounds. In the case of agricultural product discovery, a replicated dose-response of commercial crop pro...

some otolaryngologists administer topical phenylephrine for bleeding control in adenoidectomy surgery. absorption of this drug from surgical site can lead to increase in blood pressure due to vasoconstriction and then bradycardia related to baroreceptore reflex.  our case was an intraoperative arrest of a 9-yrs-old girl related to administration of topical phenylephrine during adenoidectomy how...

Currently, the only accepted assay with which to detect active Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin is an in vivo mouse bioassay. The mouse bioassay is sensitive and robust and does not require specialized equipment. However, the mouse bioassay is slow and not practical in many settings, and it results in the death of animals. Here, we describe an in vitro cleavage assay for SNAP-25 (synaptosome-as...

BACKGROUND Permethrin is the active component of topical creams widely used to treat human scabies. Recent evidence has demonstrated that scabies mites are becoming increasingly tolerant to topical permethrin and oral ivermectin. An effective approach to manage pesticide resistance is the addition of synergists to counteract metabolic resistance. Synergists are also useful for laboratory invest...

Establishment of the nitrogen-fixing nodulation symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia requires plant-wide reprogramming to allow infection and development of nodules. Nodulation is regulated principally via a mechanism called autoregulation of nodulation (AON). AON is dependent on shoot and root factors and is maintained by the nodulation autoregulation receptor kinase (NARK) in soybean. We de...

conclusions combination therapy with tretinoin plus topical corticosteroids is safe and effective and provides an alternative in the treatment of patients with vitiligo. objectives recent studies suggest that administration of topical tretinoin, with a corticosteroid, diminishes skin atrophy without impacting the steroid’s anti-inflammatory effects. patients and methods a placebo-controlled, pa...

This paper reports the development, characterization, and application of a separation-free, homogeneous, and simple to perform fluorescence polarization bioassay for paclitaxel. The bioassay is based on the binding interaction of paclitaxel to tubulin, the receptor protein on which this drug acts. The bioassay was carried out in a competitive format where the paclitaxel and a synthetic fluoresc...

the purpose of the research was to formulate microspheres of acyclovir (acv) using mucoadhesive polymers, sodium alginate and chitosan. calcium chloride was used as the ionotropic gelling agent. sodium alginate was crosslinked by calcium chloride leading to a slower release of the drug. chitosan which is a cationic polymer interacted with sodium alginate, an anionic polymer, to form an interpol...