BACKGROUND Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) formulations, which produce less systemic exposure compared with oral formulations, are an option for the management of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the overall safety and efficacy of these agents compared with oral or systemic therapy remains controversial. METHODS Two 12-week, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, controlled,...

OBJECTIVES To study the effect of topical application of different formulations of Entada phaseoloides seeds for analgesic activity in arthritic wistar rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS EP (Entada Phaseoloides) seeds were powdered after removing the shell. Paste was prepared by adding water and ointment with polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) & Carbowax 3350. 32 Wister rats of either sex weighing 150-200...

Pain is the most pervasive and universal form of human distress. The costs of pain in human suffering and economic resources are extraordinary. It is the most common reason for seeking medical care, and it has been estimated that approximately 80% of physician office visits involve a pain component. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most widely used class of drugs for...

background: the need to relieve pain and inflammation after periodontal surgery and the side effects of systemic drugs and advantages of topical drugs, made us to evaluate the effect of diclofenac mouthwash on periodontal postoperative pain.     methods: in this double-blind, randomized clinical trial study 20 quadrants of 10 patients(n=20) aged between 22-54 who also acted as their own control...

BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain is a condition resulting from injury to the peripheral and/or central nervous system. Despite extensive research over the last several decades, neuropathic pain remains difficult to manage. METHODS The authors conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, and crossover clinical trial to examine the effect of 1.5% topical diclofenac (TD) on neuropathic...

A self-contained Wearable Electronic Disposable Drug Delivery (WEDD(®)) patch was used to demonstrate that diclofenac levels delivered by iontophoresis are greater than estimated minimal effective concentrations in local subcutaneous tissue and are also greater than either passive transdermal or intravenous delivery using hairless rats. In vitro iontophoretic delivery was evaluated to optimize ...