Recently there has been a surge of interest in the Seiberg-Witten invariants of 3-manifolds, see [3], [4], [7]. The Seiberg-Witten invariant of a closed oriented 3-manifold M is a function SW from the set of Spin-structures on M to Z. This function is defined under the assumption b1(M) ≥ 1 where b1(M) is the first Betti number of M ; in the case b1(M) = 1 the function SW depends on the choice o...

We give an introduction to the theory of determinantal ideals and rings, their Gröbner bases, initial ideals and algebras, respectively. The approach is based on the straightening law and the Knuth-Robinson-Schensted correspondence. The article contains a section treating the basic results about the passage to initial ideals and algebras. Let K be a field and X an m × n matrix of indeterminates...

The methods of effective field theory are used to explore the theoretical and phenomenological aspects of the torsion field. Spinor action coupled to electromagnetic field and torsion possesses an additional softly broken gauge symmetry. This symmetry enables one to derive the unique form of the torsion action compatible with unitarity and renormalizability. It turns out that the antisymmetric ...

hydrogen bonding of dppe with water that surrounded of membrane, plays an important role in permeability ofmembrane that we were presented this matter with analysis of bond angles and torsion angles before and after ofadded water molecules.interaction with water molecules causes some changes in the geometry of dppe which were explained bythe contribution of zwitterionic form of dppe molecule, a...

Let R be any ring (with 1), G a torsion free group and RG the corresponding group ring. Let Ext∗RG(M,M) be the cohomology ring associated to the RG-module M . Let H be a subgroup of finite index of G. The following is a special version of our main Theorem: Assume the profinite completion of G is torsion free. Then an element ζ ∈ Ext∗RG(M,M) is nilpotent (under Yoneda’s product) if and only if i...

A recent study by Poljac et al. [Poljac, E., Lankheet, M. J. M., & van den Berg, A. (2005). Perceptual compensation for eye torsion. Vision Research, 45(4), 485-496] concluded that there was complete perceptual compensation for ocular torsion, although they did not directly measure ocular torsion. Using a similar eccentric-gaze paradigm to induce changes in torsion, which were directly measured...

Many known results on finite von Neumann algebras are generalized, by purely algebraic proofs, to a certain class C of finite Baer *-rings. The results in this paper can also be viewed as a study of the properties of Baer *-rings in the class C. First, we show that a finitely generated module over a ring from the class C splits as a direct sum of a finitely generated projective module and a cer...

Let Λ be a finite-dimensional associative algebra. The torsion classes of mod Λ form a lattice under containment, denoted by tors Λ. In this paper, we characterize the cover relations in tors Λ by certain indecomposable modules. We consider three applications: First, we show that the completely join-irreducible torsion classes (torsion classes which cover precisely one element) are in bijection...

In this work we present the general differential geometry of a background in which space-time has both torsion and curvature with internal symmetries being described by gauge fields, that is equipped to couple spinorial matter fields having spin energy as well currents: will turn out be equivalent an axial-vector massive Proca field because spinor can decomposed its two chiral projections, thou...