Riboswitches are non-coding elements upstream or downstream of mRNAs that, upon binding of a specific ligand, regulate transcription and/or translation initiation in bacteria, or alternative splicing in plants and fungi. We have studied thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) riboswitches regulating translation of thiM operon and transcription and translation of thiC operon in E. coli, and that of THIC in...

Developing methods to detect, adsorb, and decompose chemical warfare agents (CWAs) is of critical importance to protecting military and civilian populations alike. The sorption of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a CWA simulant, into trisilanolphenyl-POSS (TPP) films has previously been characterized with reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and uptak...

The site selection plays an important role in the entire life cycle of a tidal power plant (TPP) project. However, some problems decrease the evaluation quality of TPP site selection: (a) suitable and effective methods are scarce since the TPP site selection involves multiple forms of data; (b) there is no comprehensive evaluation index system due to the unilateralism of existing criteria. In t...

Genetic analyses have suggested that the pyrimidine moiety of thiamine can be synthesized independently of the first enzyme of de novo purine synthesis, phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase (PurF), in Salmonella typhimurium. To obtain biochemical evidence for and to further define this proposed synthesis, stable isotope labeling experiments were performed with two compounds, [2-13C]glyc...

Nicotine, the primary psychoactive component of tobacco smoke, is known to possess potent rewarding and aversive stimulus properties. The mammalian ventral tegmental area (VTA) is involved importantly in the mediation of the motivational effects of nicotine. However, the neural outputs from the VTA that may be involved in the transmission of the rewarding and aversive motivational effects of ni...

The payment industry has been characterized by a small number of players that operate the schemes for the facilitation of credit and debit card payments. Over the years, various initiatives have been taken in order to increase competition and hence cost efficiency within the industry. One of the latest efforts is the introduction of Payment Service Directive II (PSDII) within the European Union...

EmrE is a bacterial multidrug transporter of the small multidrug resistance family, which extrudes large hydrophobic cations such as tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP(+)) out of the cell by a proton antiport mechanism. Binding measurements were performed on purified EmrE solubilized in dodecylmaltoside to determine the stoichiometry of TPP(+) binding; the data showed that one TPP(+) molecule bound pe...

An approach for colorimetric and fluorescent sensing of thiocyanate (SCN ) has been proposed based on the competitive-displacement strategy between meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) and meso-tetraphenylporphyrin cobalt(II) (CoTPP). In THF-water solution, TPP emits strong fluorescence at 651 nm; however, the fluorescence was quenched stepwise by CoTPP, and then restored by SCN , the detection limi...

Triphenylphosphonium hydroethidine (TPP-HE) is a membrane-permeable probe that reacts with superoxide and forms hydroxytriphenylphosphonium ethidium (OH-TPP-E(+)), a fluorescent product that has been previously used in qualitative measurements of superoxide production. In order to develop quantitative methods to measure superoxide, it is necessary to take into consideration the principles that ...

The in vitro effect of ivermectin lethal dose on the activity of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and phosphatase (TPP) and the expression of their mRNA (tps1, tps2, and tpp genes) in the muscle of adult female Ascaris suum was investigated. The presence of ivermectin in the medium caused a decrease in TPS and TPP activities during the experiment compared with the start and control groups. ...