Since 1994 till today a few up to date have been made on the NRC (1994) recommendations for trace mineral requirements of broilers. The high prevalence of skeletal disorders in modern broilers could be a consequence of the uncoordinated growth rate and mineral nutrition. The commercial companies of broiler production often use a huge safety margin of trace minerals in feed formulation, which wi...

This paper explains how very large network structures can be reduced, or consolidated, to an assemblage of chordless cycles (cyclic structures without cross connecting links), that is called a trace, for storage and later retreival. After developing a basic mathematical framework, it illustrates the reduction process using a most general (with directed and undirected links) network. A major the...

ceutical manufacturing that processing equipment be cleaned using validated procedures to avoid cross contamination from material remaining from a previously manufactured product (1–3). Potential residues remaining on the surfaces of equipment following processing steps (fermentation, for example) include, in addition to the product itself, a multitude of organic cellular components such as nuc...

Polyfluoro-substituted unsymmetrical biaryl ethers were synthesized via a novel Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of polyfluoroarenes with arylboronic acids and oxygen. The polyfluorinated arenes presumably captured the phenoxide intermediate efficiently, which made the oxygen-insertion proceed smoothly via the S(N)Ar protocol. The (18)O labeling experiment demonstrated that the oxygen intro...

A new technique is presented that can perfectly &&rat& two cochannel FM signals in a noiseless environment. The method involves the analytic solution of the phases to within one of two possibilities, and a two-state trellis algorithm to trace the correct sequence of phase solutions. This method represents an improvement over other cochanne! interference separatio2 methods (e.g., joint Viterbi a...

The paper proposes a semi-automated approach for supporting decision making during early aspect identification. A probabilistic trace retrieval tool is used to dynamically generate links between potential aspects initially identified through subgoals and operationalizations in a Softgoal Interdependency Graph, and artifacts representing early functional descriptions of the system. The user eval...