Tracheal diameter can be assessed from a thoracic radiograph, with assessment of tracheal diameter in dogs based on ratios between tracheal diameter and a skeletal measurement. Reference intervals are not, however, available for the cat. Tracheal narrowing may cause significant clinical problems, although tracheal hypoplasia in dogs may be clinically silent, and is rarely reported in cats (both...

a twenty-year-old girl was referred with tracheal stenosis (ts) which was a consequence of prolonged intubation after head injury because of previous car accident. the patient was aphasic and had normal respiration. fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed complete tracheal obstruction at second tracheal ring level. distal trachea was normal through tracheostomy tube. removal of the tracheostomy tube and...

mediastinal tracheostomy is a complex surgical procedure for the management of airway reconstruction in patients whose distal trachea is not sufficiently long to be reconstructed as cervical tracheostomy after tracheal resection for malignant diseases. in this article (study), we present our 10 year experience of this uncommon procedure in thoracic surgery ward of imam khomeini's hospital, tehr...

conclusions stents would be regarded as a temporary means of reaching the ideal condition for resection and reconstruction in most patients with tracheal stenoses. although an optimal stent has not been introduced yet, we used polyflex stents in most of our patients with tracheal stenosis due to its availability and ease of use. we suggest that this method is safe and less time consuming than i...

The formation of the tracheal network in Drosophila is driven by stereotyped migration of cells from the tracheal pits. No cell divisions take place during tracheal migration and the number of cells in each branch is fixed. This work examines the basis for the determination of tracheal branch fates, prior to the onset of migration. We show that the EGF receptor pathway is activated by localized...

BACKGROUND Tracheal stenosis is more frequent as a result of wide-spread use of endotracheal intubation and tracheostomy. Resection and tracheal reconstruction remain the treatment of choice in benign tracheal stenosis. OBJECTIVES To report our experience in Basra and to identify the result of anastomosis after tracheal resection and management of those patients preoperatively and postoperati...

BACKGROUND Patients undergoing total aortic arch replacement or aortic dissecting aneurysmectomy are generally managed with medications to control hypotension and blood coagulation to minimize mortality and morbidity. However, prolonged mechanical ventilation via tracheal intubation increases the risk of tracheal stenosis in such patients. CASE PRESENTATION We present 2 cases (a 49-year-old w...

The Drosophila tracheal system arises from clusters of ectodermal cells that invaginate and migrate to originate a network of epithelial tubes. Genetic analyses have identified several genes that are specifically expressed in the tracheal cells and are required for tracheal development. Among them, trachealess (trh) is able to induce ectopic tracheal pits and therefore it has been suggested tha...