Objective: Recently, few studies have evaluated bronchial morphometric parameters focusing on length, diameter, or angles. These can be an important indicator in various pathological processes and are essential for simulating the flow of aspiration inspired particle transport. The aim this study is to determine trachea, diameters right left main bronchus, angle carina angulations bronchus; To i...

The self-expandable stainless steel stents (Gianturco, William Cook, Bjaeverskov, Denmark) used extensively in biliary ducts and the vascular system have recently been modified for use in the tracheobronchial tree. Between March 1991 and September 1992, six patients with unresectable tracheobronchial and mediastinal diseases were treated with the placement of one or more self-expanding stents u...

Laryngospasm (LEP) is defined as the sustained closure of the vocal cords. It is a primitive protective airway reflex (VA), which occurs to safeguard the integrity of the airway by protecting it from tracheobronchial aspiration [1]. LEP is also defined as an exaggerated response to closure reflex or glottic muscle spasm. Essentially it is a protective reflex, which acts to prevent the entry of ...

Anomalous systemic arterial supply to the normal basal segments of the lower lobe of the lung without sequestration is a rare congenital abnormality. Whether the condition belongs to the broad spectrum of sequestration disorders remains controversial. This report is of a patient with anomalous systemic arterial supply to the normal basal segments of the left lower lobe, together with an attenua...

Mature teratoma is the most common primary germ cell tumor in the mediastinum. On rare occasions, cystic teratomas rupture in adjacent structures, such as pleural space, pericardium, lung or tracheobronchial tree. We present a case of a mediastinal mature cystic teratoma in 16-year-old female with complex rupture into the lung, bronchus and skin. Mature mediastinal teratoma fistulized to the sk...

Pulmonary sequestration is acystic or solid congenital lung malformation comprised of non functional lung tissue that does not communicate with the normal tracheobronchial tree and has a systemic arterial blood supply. There are two forms of sequestration: intralobar and extralobar. Its treatment is surgical resection. Here we presented a case of premature neonate with extralobar pulmonary sequ...

Thirty-two patients who presented with haemoptysis and in whom a chest radiograph showed no suggestion of a tumour are reviewed. Six had bronchogenic carcinoma diagnosed by bronchoscopy and 1 had an adenoid cystic tumour of the trachea. Flexible fibre-optic bronchoscopy is a safe and easy method of excluding a tumour of the tracheobronchial tree as the cause of haemoptysis and should be perform...

The human tracheobronchial tree is a complex branched distribution system in charge of renewing the air inside the acini, which are the gas exchange units. We present here a systematic geometrical model of this system described as a self-similar assembly of rigid pipes. It includes the specific geometry of the upper bronchial tree and a self-similar intermediary tree with a systematic branching...