Introduction Direct energy expenses (diesel, gasoline, propane, electricity) total more than $1 billion annually for Iowa farmers. Farm management techniques such as adjusting tractor gear and throttle settings or reducing tillage depths can reduce diesel fuel consumption for row crop production. This study is being conducted over multiple years to measure the effects of energy management techn...

This paper mainly for the research of the tractor horsepower electric control system, Its control system were designed based on ARM and CAN bus technology, The main node controller uses chip LPC2294, LPC2294 has a high speed of operation, high reliability advantages. The design of the hardware circuitry and the communication protocols in system. Tests showed that the system has high reliability...

The aim of this paper and its prequel is to introduce and classify the irreducible holonomy algebras of the projective Tractor connection. This is achieved through the construction of a ‘projective cone’, a Ricci-flat manifold one dimension higher whose affine holonomy is equal to the Tractor holonomy of the underlying manifold. This paper uses the result to enable the construction of manifolds...

The aim of this paper and its prequel is to introduce and classify the holonomy algebras of the projective Tractor connection. This is achieved through the construction of a ‘projective cone’, a Ricci-flat manifold one dimension higher whose affine holonomy is equal to the Tractor holonomy of the underlying manifold. This paper uses the result to enable the construction of manifolds with each p...

In order to quantify tractor driver Whole-Body Vibration (WBV) induced by some of the agricultural operations, the ISO 2631 standard was utilized. Detailed methodology of the calculation of the WBV evaluating indices using the time-domain acceleration data analysis was presented. According to the results of the study, typical weighted root mean square (WRMS) value of the Z-axis vibration was mo...

The South African sugar industry moves 74% of the annual crop by road transport. As fuel prices continue to rise there is therefore a need to investigate the effects of load size and tractor size on the fuel consumption and the productivity of transport units. Tests have been carried out to evaluate the effects of these parameters for the tractor sizes most common in the sugar industry. Results...

An on-chip calibration technique has been proposed for a 7-bit Comparator Based Asynchronous Binary Search (CABS) A/D Converter. The proposed design is veri-fied using an 8-bit, 3.3V, 10 MS/s Asynchronous SAR A/D Converter by integrating the calibration scheme into the A/D Converter. The 8-bit Asynchronous SAR A/D Converter consists of a track-and-hold followed by a two-step conversion process....

In this paper, a field programmable analog array (FPAA) is proposed. The proposed FPAA consists of seven configurable analog blocks (CABs) arranged in a hexagonal lattice such that the CABs are directly connected to each other. This structure improves the overall frequency response of the chip by decreasing the parasitic capacitances in the signal path. The CABS of the FPAA is based on a novel ...

BACKGROUND Infections occurring among outpatients having recent contact with the health-care system have been recently classified as health-care-associated infections to distinguish them from hospital- and community-acquired infections. Patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs) were studied to assess health-care-associated infections at admission in the ICU. METHODS This work was a multicen...