This article discusses the features of a bank guarantee and letter credit, some aspects settlements under credit in provision trade finance services by commercial banks.

This study introduces an inventory system with a non-instantaneous deteriorating product credit facility and variable demand depending on the selling price. Two different prices are considered in deterioration non-deterioration periods. Shortages partially backlogged dependent length of customers’ waiting time upto arrival fresh lot. Alternative trade-credit policy is applied herein, several ca...

This study explores simultaneous reduction strategies of lead time and setup cost in a two-stage supply chain model under trade-credit financing. Lead depends on variable production rate lot size. It consists setup, production, transportation which are shortened to reduce time. Although double safety factors considered avoid stock-out; but still backorders take place as the demand during is sto...

The paper considers the sustainable trade credit and inventory policies with demand related to credit period and the environmental sensitivity of consumers under the carbon cap-and-trade and carbon tax regulations. First, the decision models are constructed under three cases: without regulation, carbon cap-and-trade regulation, and carbon tax regulation. The optimal solutions of the retailer in...

Financial market inadequacies often constrain overseas trade flows because exporters largely rely on access to external credit survive. This article examines the influence of (bank finance; and suppliers customer credit) exports size manufacturing firms in Nigeria using Two-Stage Least Square (2SLS) estimation procedure. We approximate as ratio over total sales. The study also proxy finance ban...

Introduction Model formulation and the convexity Decision rule of the optimal cycle time T*

This paper examines whether and how ownership structure affects the trade credit policies in smalland medium-sized firms (SMEs) using a sample obtained from a survey of Chinese enterprises. Specifically, we examine how ownership concentration affects SMEs’ use of trade credit through influencing the availability of bank credit. We also examine whether the ownership of the ultimate controller in...