Being singled out for special attention from the police because of your racial or ethnic identity, rather than your actions, seems profoundly inconsistent with the principle of equal treatment under the law. Yet some racial and ethnic groups, most notably African Americans, have protested what they perceive as manifestly unequal treatment from law enforcement agencies. One area of law enforceme...

This paper analyzes fast adaptive traffic engineering from a feedback control perspective. We provide a model that characterizes the system parameters’ effects on the performance of the dynamic routing system. This allows quantitative analysis of adaptive traffic engineering control laws and its design parameter choices. We then specialize the general framework in two representative network top...

A coupled map traffic flow model is introduced based on optimal velocity functions. The model can be simulated under open boundary conditions. It is able to bear a variety of noises as well. Noises in velocity induce increase of average car density to critical one, where power law behaviors appear in temporal spectra of density fluctuations. By introducing a traffic blockade, a hysteresis loop ...

This paper proposes a macroscopic fluid dynamic model dealing with the flows of information on a telecommunication network with sources and destinations. The model consists of a conservation law for the packets density and a semilinear equation for traffic distributions functions, i.e. functions describing packets paths. We describe methods to solve Riemann Problems at junctions assigning diffe...

For most technical networks, the interplay of dynamics, traffic, and topology is assumed crucial to their evolution. In this Letter, we propose a traffic-driven evolution model of weighted technological networks. By introducing a general strength-coupling mechanism under which the traffic and topology mutually interact, the model gives power-law distributions of degree, weight, and strength, as...

The constant increase in the number of vehicles Latvia during last twenty years has significantly increased intensity road traffic, thus causing an traffic accidents. Holding a person criminally liable under Section 260 Criminal Law that provides for liability violation regulations and vehicle operation is mostly affected by precise determination what breach these is. However, there are several...

Jonathan M. Stern is Chair of the DRI Aerospace Law Committee. He practices aerospace and insurance coverage law with Schnader Harrison Segal & Lewis LLP, where he is resident in the Firm’s Washington, DC, office. Mr. Stern, who holds FAA-issued commercial pilot, control tower operator, and ground instructor certificates, was formerly an air traffic controller at Washington National Airport and...

This paper takes a critical look at the usefulness of power law models of the Internet. The twin focuses of the paper are Internet traffic and topology generation. The aim of the paper is twofold. Firstly it summarises the state of the art in power law modelling particularly giving attention to existing open research questions. Secondly it provides insight into the failings of such models and w...

Although most motorised countries have experienced massive improvements in road safety over the last decades, human behaviour and differences in accident risk across sub-groups of drivers remains a key issue in the area of road safety. The identification of risk groups requires the identification of reliable predictors of safe or unsafe driving behaviour. Given this background, the aim of this ...