As part of an ongoing research effort into functional allocation in a NextGen environment, a controller-in-the-loop study on ground-based automated separation assurance was conducted at NASA Ames' Airspace Operations Laboratory in February 2010. Participants included six FAA front line managers, who are currently certified professional controllers and four recently retired controllers. Traffic ...

This paper proposes a new class of traffic profiles that is better suited for metering bursty Internet traffic streams than the traditional token bucket profile. A good traffic profile should satisfy two criteria: first, it should consider packets from a conforming traffic stream as in-profile with high probability to ensure a strong QoS guarantee; second, it should limit the network resources ...

Smart meter gateways are the core component of the advanced metering infrastructure in Germany, and provide a unified interface for metering data retrieval to third parties. Different standards and communication protocols exist for smart metering, ranging from transmission protocols to architectural recommendations. This work briefly presents the concept of the German BSI TR-03109 smart meterin...

The critical density of a freeway link is subject to changes over time owing to such circumstances as environmental conditions (snow, rain, etc.) and traffic incidents. Because of the critical density’s impacts on the performance of some ramp metering strategies that make use of it as a threshold value for control action, it is necessary to trace the real value of the critical density. Hence, m...

Frequent lane-changes in highway merging, diverging, and weaving areas could disrupt traffic flow and, even worse, lead to accidents. In this paper, we propose a simple model for studying bottleneck effects of lane-changing traffic and aggregate traffic dynamics of a roadway with lane-changing areas. Based on the observation that, when changing its lane, a vehicle affects traffic on both its cu...

The main goals of smart metering are the reduction of costs, energy and CO2 by the provision of actual metering information to the providers and the customer. They allow for flexible possibilities to influence the customers’ energy consumption behavior and to adapt dynamically the power generation and distribution to the requested energy by smart grids. Metering devices are under control of gov...

Ramp metering that uses traffic signals to regulate vehicle flows from the on-ramps has been widely implemented improve mobility of freeway. Previous studies generally update signal timings in real-time based on predefined measurements collected by point detectors, such as volumes and occupancies. Comparing with cameras—which have increasingly deployed road networks—could cover larger areas pro...

Traffic operators in traffic control centers have various measures at their disposition to control the traffic flows on motorways and on urban roads such as ramp metering, variable speed limits, dynamic route guidance, opening of shoulder lanes, etc. When having to determine which of these control measures have to be applied and where they have to be applied for a given traffic situation, the t...