Grammar-based approaches to spoken language understanding are utilized to a great extent in industry, particularly when developers are confronted with data sparsity. In order to ensure wide grammar coverage, developers typically modify their grammars in an iterative process of deploying the application, collecting and transcribing user utterances, and adjusting the grammar. In this paper, we ex...

We have observed that zygotic transcription does not initiate at a single point in Drosophila embryos. Rather, a gene initiates transcription in a few nuclei of a fraction of embryos. During succeeding cycles, the frequency of transcribing embryos, and of nuclei transcribing in those embryos, gradually increases. For the fushi tarazu (ftz) gene, the timing of this process is regulated by the co...

Crowdsourcing, or the act of outsourcing a task to the crowd, has the potential to revolutionize information collection and processing systems by enabling in-depth, large-scale, cost-effective information gathering, and more accurate techniques for information extraction from data. Crowdsourcing provides a powerful mechanism for creating data about the physical world, particularly through the u...

Abstract Because most Sino-Tibetan languages with a literary tradition use Indic derived scripts and those that do not are each sui generis , there advantages to transcribing these also along lines. In particular, this article proposes an Indological transcription for Middle Chinese.