Competence is a physiological state that enables Bacillus subtilis 168 to take up and internalize extracellular DNA. In practice, only a small subpopulation of B. subtilis 168 cells becomes competent when they enter stationary phase. In this study, we developed a new transformation method to improve the transformation efficiency of B. subtilis 168, specially in rich media. At first, different c...

The present study aims to investigate the numerous factors influencing Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). Factors affecting transformation efficiency, such as age of explants, Agrobacterium concentration, and effect of acetosyringone, pre-cultivation, infection and co-cultivation time of Agrobacterium were examined. The ...

We have achieved efficient transformation system for forage-type tall fescue plants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Mature seed-derived embryogenic calli were infected and co-cultivated with each of three A. tumefaciens strains, all of which harbored a standard binary vector pIG121Hm encoding the neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII), hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT) and intron-containing β-g...

1. Market Transformation is a strategic process. Market Transformation takes a long-term view of a specific but complete market and the opportunities that exist within that market to increase efficiency. The efficiency opportunities might be accomplished through a range of voluntary market interventions (see below) from the introduction of new and emerging technologies or practices to involunta...

The genes encoding the insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) of BacIllus thuringiensis are good candidates for protecting walnut plants against insect pests. Ve have estimated the dose response of three important walnut pests (codling moth, navel orangeworm and Indianmeal moth) with two highly purified insecticidal proteins of Bacillus thurJ.nglensis and show that these three insects are highly ...

We have established a high-efficiency method for transforming the unicellular, green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by electroporation. Electroporation of strains CC3395 and CC425, cell wall-less mutants devoid of argininosuccinate lyase (encoded by ARG7), in the presence of the plasmid pJD67 (which contains ARG7) was used to optimize conditions for the introduction of exogenous DNA. The condit...

An efficient genetic transformation system for tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated TDNA delivery, is described. Seed-derived embryogenic calli were infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 harboring plasmids pTOK47 and pCAMBIA1301. Infected calli were selected at 250 mg L 1 hyg B and the regenerated plantlets at 50 mg L . Using the p...