FOCUS 1 Transgender people—people whose gender identity or expression differs from their birth sex—have existed throughout history and across cultures. In modern times, however, this natural gender diversity has been reduced to the binary classifications of men (who should be masculine) and women (who should be feminine). While everyone suffers when gender is reduced to only two confining categ...

OBJECTIVES To examine the impact of a panel discussion on transgender health care on first-year (P1) pharmacy students' knowledge and understanding of transgender experiences in an Introduction to Diversity course. DESIGN The panel consisted of both transgender males and females. After panelists shared their healthcare experiences, students asked them questions in a moderated setting. Student...

Perspectives There is a growing commitment in public health to understand and improve the health and well-being of transgender people and other gender minorities, who comprise an estimated 0.3–0.5% (25 million) of the global population. 1 The adoption of The 2030 agenda for sustainable development and its pledge to " leave no one behind " has given renewed impetus to this movement. 2 Transgende...

This paper reports on a qualitative study exploring the ways in which transgender adults imagine a place for parenthood in their lives, and/or the ways they have negotiated parenthood with their transgender identity. A total of 13 transgender adults (including parents and non-parents) were interviewed with respect to their thoughts and experiences about family, relationships and parenting. The ...

OBJECTIVE Most transgender men desire to receive testosterone treatment in order to masculinize their bodies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the short-term effects of testosterone treatment on psychological functioning in transgender men. This is the 1st controlled prospective follow-up study to examine such effects. METHOD We examined a sample of transgender men (n = 48) and nontrans...

OBJECTIVE To examine factors associated with HIV infection among transgender women in Cambodia. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTINGS HIV high-burden sites including the capital city and 12 provinces. PARTICIPANTS This study included 1375 sexually active transgender women with a mean age of 25.9 years (SD 7.1), recruited by using respondent-driven sampling for structured questionnaire in...

Compelling studies have demonstrated that "gender identity"--a person's inner sense of self as male, female, or occasionally a category other than male or female--is not simply a psychosocial construct, but likely reflects a complex interplay of biological, environmental, and cultural factors. An increasing number of preadolescents and adolescents, identifying as "transgender" (a transient or p...

Transgender youth face unique and complex issues as they confront cultural expectations of gender expression and how these fit with what is natural for them. Striving for balance, learning to cope, questioning, and eventually becoming comfortable with one's gender identity and sexual orientation are of paramount importance for healthy growth and development. Ineffective management of intense ch...

Purpose: There are many barriers to reliable healthcare for transgender people that often contribute to delaying or avoiding needed medical care. Yet, few studies have examined whether noninclusive healthcare and delaying needed medical care because of fear of discrimination are associated with poorer health among transgender adults. This study aims to address these gaps in the knowledge base. ...

Three studies (N = 990) assessed the statistical reliability of two methods of determining gender identity that can capture transgender spectrum identities (i.e., current gender identities different from birth-assigned gender categories). Study 1 evaluated a single question with four response options (female, male, transgender, other) on university students. The missing data rate was higher tha...