Agrobacterium mediated transformation in nature is the cause of development diseases: crown galls and hairy roots. These neoplasms are transgenic tissues on a non-transgenic plant. However, nature, full-fledged GMOs arise, containing agrobacterial transgenes every cell transmitting them series sexual generations. plants called naturally or natural GMOs. Over past 3 years, list GMO species has b...

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an important fiber crop in Pakistan with significant economic importance. Transgenic, insect-resistant cotton (carrying a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)) was inducted the cotton-based cropping systems of during 2002, and now sown >90% fields country. However, concerns are rising that Bt would decrease productivity winter crops (sown after cotton), lea...

amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ads) is a key enzyme in biochemical pathway of the antimalarial agent artemisinin. an agrobacterium-mediated transformation was carried out to express a synthetic ads gene in green microalga chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain 125c with bacterial strains gv3101 and lba4404. the foreign gene was optimized based on codon usage bias of the microalga. integration of the ad...

plant tissue culture techniques are used as basic requirement of common plant transformation systems. in most cases of plant transformation, a reproducible regeneration protocol is the limiting step due to long time lasting, specialized facilities and well experienced persons. furthermore, tissue culture procedures induce somaclonal variation among regenerated transgenic plants. therefore, rece...

transgenic tomato plants of south indian cultivar arka vikas were developed using agrobacterium strain eha 105, harbouring bt cry2a gene with a construct containing 35s camv promoter, ocs terminator and nptii selectable marker, through agrobacterium-mediated transformation. this study was conducted to improve the regeneration and transformation protocol for south indian cultivar arka vikas. hyp...

expansins are cell wall proteins that due to changes in ph, causing the expansion of the cell wall .these proteins are causing deformation of walls through loosening hydrogen bonds between the cellulose and polymer matrix microfibrils .in this study, a root specific gene called atexpa18 -that directly affect the formation of root hairs and also its role  have been proved in other parts of the p...

The most popular animal models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are transgenic mice expressing human genes with known mutations which do not represent the most abundant sporadic form of the disease. An increasing number of genetic, vascular and psychosocial data strongly support that the Octodon degus, a moderate-sized and diurnal precocial rodent, provides a naturalistic model for the study of the ...

The induction of tetraploidy by means of cold, heat and multiple heat shock treatments was investigated on male fish from a growth-enhanced transgenic tilapia C118 line, crossed with wild type females. After the development a new multiple heat shock protocol (two heat treatments at 41oC in 60 and 80 min. after fertilization for 5 min. per each), chromosome and X-gal in situ staining assays demo...

Abiotic stresses create an unfavourable environment for plant growth, increasing the possibilities of low yield and associated economic loss. Several steps have been taken to address this problem. During last twenty years, techniques genetic engineering/transgenic breeding made significant advances in gene manipulation inciting desirable traits transgenic plants. Transgenic allow us identify po...