INTRODUCTION Different animal models for Alzheimer disease (AD) have been designed to support the hypothesis that the neurodegeneration (loss of neurons and synapses with reactive gliosis) associated with Aβ and tau deposition in these models is similar to that in the human brain. These alterations produce functional changes beginning with decreased ability to carry out daily and social life ac...

Experimental evidence in animal models suggests that misfolded Amyloid-β (Aβ) spreads in disease following a prion-like mechanism. Several properties characteristics of infectious prions have been shown for the induction of Aβ aggregates. However, a detailed titration of Aβ misfolding transmissibility and estimation of the minimum concentration of biologically active Aβ seeds able to accelerate...

A transgenic mouse model was used to evaluate the effect of endostatin treatment on spontaneous tumorigenesis. In this model system, female mice develop multiple mammary adenocarcinomas and male mice develop prostate cancer. Female mice treated with mouse endostatin during a 12-15-week period showed delayed tumor development by 4-6 weeks and significantly decreased tumor burden. Furthermore, en...

Although it has been known for 50 years that adenoviruses (Ads) interact with erythrocytes ex vivo, the molecular and structural basis for this interaction, which has been serendipitously exploited for diagnostic tests, is unknown. In this study, we characterized the interaction between erythrocytes and unrelated Ad serotypes, human 5 (HAd5) and 37 (HAd37), and canine 2 (CAV-2). While these ser...

Significant advancements have been made in bovine transgenic technology in the past 20 years. Currently, it is possible to target genetic sequences into predetermined sites in the host DNA, to transfer independent microchromosomes with the capacity to carry hundreds of genes into the bovine genome and to sequentially introduce multiple genetic modifications into a single genome. The most likely...

Over the last three decades biotechnology has advanced to a level where it is generally feasible to make particular changes to the genome, and therefore to the expressed characteristics of living organisms. The product of such a change is called a transgenic or a genetically modified organism (GMO). GMOs are created and/or modified in the laboratory to amplify desired characteristics which are ...

PRINCIPLES AND METHODS Transgenic Animals and Genetic Research Prior to the current revolution in applied molecular genetics, the only practical method to study the regulation and function of mammalian genes was to utilize spontaneous mutants. To prove the genetic basis of the mutation, the animals had to transmit an observable trait to offspring. Since the 1970s, it has been possible to introd...

Widespread interest in producing transgenic organisms is balanced by concern over ecological hazards, such as species extinction if such organisms were to be released into nature. An ecological risk associated with the introduction of a transgenic organism is that the transgene, though rare, can spread in a natural population. An increase in transgene frequency is often assumed to be unlikely b...

Wang, Danzhao, Hideaki Yoshida, Qing Song, Lee Chao, and Julie Chao. Enhanced renal function in bradykinin B2 receptor transgenic mice. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 278: F484–F491, 2000.—The tissue kallikrein-kinin system has been recognized as a paracrine and/or autocrine hormonal system that regulates arterial pressure, renal hemodynamics, and electrolyte excretion. We have created a transg...

Recent advances in genome engineering are starting a revolution in biological research and translational applications. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated RNA-guided endonuclease CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) and its variants enable diverse manipulations of genome function. In this review, we describe the development of Cas9 tools for a variety...