One of the principal motivations of wide-field and synoptic surveys is the search for and study of transients. By transients I mean those sources which arise from the background, are detected, and then fade away to oblivion. Transients in distant galaxies need to be sufficiently bright so as to be detectable and in almost all cases these transients are catastrophic events, marking the deaths of...

Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the myenteric plexus region (ICC-MY) of the small intestine are pacemakers that generate rhythmic depolarizations known as slow waves. Slow waves depend on activation of Ca2+-activated Cl- channels (ANO1) in ICC, propagate actively within networks of ICC-MY, and conduct to smooth muscle cells where they generate action potentials and phasic contractions. Thu...

We report on the results from the first six months of the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey (CRTS). In order to search for optical transients with timescales of minutes to years, the CRTS analyses data from the Catalina Sky Survey which repeatedly covers twenty six thousand of square degrees on the sky. The CRTS provides a public stream of transients that are bright enough to be followed up u...

We present a model for dune formation that takes saturation transients in the saltation layer into account. We show that these transients introduce a characteristic length scale that is crucial for dune formation and the macroscopic shape of dunes, albeit determined by intrinsic properties of the saltation kinetics. Finally, we demonstrate that our model can explain the scale dependence of the ...

Neuronal activity causes substantial postsynaptic Na(+) transients. However, the physiological consequences of such Na(+) transients remain largely unknown. High-resolution Na(+) imaging is pivotal to study these questions, and, up to now, two-photon imaging with the fluorescent Na(+) indicator sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate (SBFI) has been the method of choice. When introduced into ind...

Turn-oo transients in current-modulated weakly-index-guided vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are analyzed by using a model that takes into account all the transverse modes supported by the waveguide. Turn-oo transients strength is maximum for the current at which the VCSEL enters the multi-transverse-mode regime. Their strength signiicatively decreases for the multi-mode regime ...

Power system transients cause problems and disturbances that might be harmful to electronic equipment. ’ However, ve y little have been done to systematically understand and analyze power system transients. There is also a lack of computational effective methods as transients are short and associated with a wide range of events and system conditions. This paper addresses the following issues: (...

Separating an audio signal into regions corresponding to transients and steady state is an important step in many applications. Perceptual studies have found that humans often perceive and process transients separately from steady state tones. This distinction also has a basis in most physical systems, such as instruments, which have a different response to sustained as opposed to impulsive exc...

Phasic activity of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway - burst-firing of dopamine neurons and the resulting dopamine release events at striatal targets - have been associated with a variety of motivational events, such as novelty, salient stimuli, social interaction, and reward prediction. Over the past decade, advances in electrochemical techniques have allowed measurement of naturally occurring d...

The existence of rapidly slewing robotic telescopes and fast alert distribution via the Internet is revolutionizing our capability to study the physics of fast astrophysical transients. But the salient challenge that optical time domain surveys must conquer is mining the torrent of data to recognize important transients in a scene full of normal variations. Humans simply do not have the attenti...