*Center for Computational Sciences and Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan; †Department of Mathematics and Statistics and Genome Atlantic, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 3J5; and ‡Canadian Institute for Advanced Research and Genome Atlantic, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, C...

Efficient and accurate protein synthesis is crucial for organismal survival in competitive environments. Translation efficiency-the number of proteins translated from a single mRNA in a given time period-is the combined result of differential translation initiation, elongation, and termination rates. Previous research identified the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence as a modulator of translation ini...

The translation elongation factor EF-Tu is a GTPase that delivers amino-acylated tRNAs to the ribosome during the elongation step of translation. EF-Tu/GDP is recycled by the guanine nucleotide exchange factor EF-Ts. Whereas EF-Ts is lacking in S. cerevisiae, both translation factors are found in S. pombe and H. sapiens mitochondria, consistent with the known similarity between fission yeast an...

Initiation of mRNA translation and elongation of the polypeptide chain are 2 regulated processes responsible for the short-term postprandial acceleration of protein synthesis in animal tissues. It is known that a chronic increase in the absorptive supply of AA stimulates protein synthesis in ruminant animals, but effects on translation initiation and elongation are unknown. To determine whether...

This project concerned two nuclear genes in maize, crp1 and atp1, whose function is required for the translation of one or several chloroplast mRNAs. Mutations in these genes cause a reduction in the number of ribosomes bound to the regulated mRNAs, implying a defect in translation initiation or early elongation. The proposed experiments were designed to elucidate how their gene products activa...

In yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 25S rRNA makes up the major mass and shape of the 60S ribosomal subunit. During translation initiation, the 60S subunit joins the 40S initiation complex, producing the 80S initiation complex. During elongation, the 60S subunit binds the CCA-ends of aminoacyl- and peptidyl-tRNAs at the A-loop and P-loop, respectively, transferring the peptide onto the α-amino g...

Species of Pestalotiopsis were mainly introduced as endophytes, plant pathogens or saprobes from various hosts. In this study, ten strains isolated Ficus macrocarpa, Phoebe zhennan and Spatholobus suberectus in China. Based on multilocus phylogenies the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef1α) beta-tubulin (tub2), conjunction with morphologic...

In the rat, denervation and hindlimb unloading are two commonly employed models used to study skeletal muscle atrophy. In these models, muscle atrophy is generally produced by a decrease in protein synthesis and an increase in protein degradation. The decrease in protein synthesis has been suggested to occur by an inhibition at the level of protein translation. To better characterize the regula...