The rapid re-uptake of extracellular glutamate mediated by a family of high-affinity glutamate transporter proteins is essential to continued glutamatergic signaling and neuronal viability, but the contributions of individual transporter subtypes toward cellular physiology are poorly understood. Because the physiology of glutamate transport in the salamander retina has been well described, we h...

Dopamine plays an important role in the development of alcohol dependence, cognitive dysfunction, and is regulated via dopamine transporter activity. Although dopamine transporter activity is critically involved in alcohol dependence, studies observing this relationship are limited. Thus the current study examined whether dopamine transporter availability is associated with developing of alcoho...

In the comment to the article by J. Baez and K. Krasnov (hep– th/9703112) are discussed some topics related with application of certain constructions to non-trivial principal bundles. — In chapter 2 of the article [1] is used following construction: First, define a 'transporter' from the point p to the point q to be a map from P p to P q that commutes with the right action of G on the bundle P....

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone. Even after the traditional standard surgical therapy, metastasis still occurs in a high percentage of patients. Glucose is an important source of metabolic energy for tumor proliferation and survival. Tumors usually overexpress glucose transporters, especially hypoxia-responsive glucose transporter 1 and glucose transporter 3. Osteopon...

Previous studies showing downregulation of blood-brain barrier (BBB) glucose-transporter activity in vivo in experimental diabetes have recently been questioned. Therefore, our investigations examined both the BBB glucose-transporter activity in experimental diabetes in vivo, with the use of the in situ internal carotid artery perfusion technique, and the microvessel glucose-transporter concent...

OBJECTIVE Brain dopamine dysfunction in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) could explain why stimulant medications, which increase dopamine signaling, are therapeutically beneficial. However while the acute increases in dopamine induced by stimulant medications have been associated with symptom improvement in ADHD the chronic effects have not been investigated. METHOD We used pos...

glucose transporter: a basolateral protein in hepatocytes and intestine and kidney cells. ABSTRACT The " liver " isoform of the facilitated diffusion glucose transporter is expressed predominantly in liver, intestine, kidney, and pancreatic islet p-cells. The apparent molecular mass of the transporter in liver, kidney, and intestine is different, as detected by Western blot analysis of membrane...

an experiment was carried out to evaluate how interactions between forage to concentrate ratio and dietary crude protein level may alter nitrogen efficiency and ut-b expression in growing baluchi male lambs. four baluchi male lambs [30 ± 2 kg bw] were used in a 4 × 4 latin square design with 28-d periods and a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments. the treatments fed forage: concent...

hub location-allocation problems are currently a subject of keen interest in the research community. however, when this issue is considered in practice, significant difficulties such as traffic, commodity transportation and telecommunication tend to be overlooked. in this paper, a novel robust mathematical model for a p-hub covering problem, which tackles the intrinsic uncertainty of some param...