We propose a nonparametric test for the exclusion and monotonicity assumptions invoked in instrumental variable (IV) designs based on random assignment of cases to judges. show its asymptotic validity demonstrate finite-sample performance simulations. apply our an empirical setting from literature examining effects pretrial detention defendant outcomes New York. When are not satisfied, we weake...

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the limits within which judge pre-trial chamber may order restitution case prosecutor, starting from a concrete deed that was subject file no. 5609/245/2018 / a1 pending before Iaşi District Court and County. In case, Pre-Trial Chamber considered suspect not given necessary time prepare his defense as he heard defendant on same day when also suspect, alth...

The issue of legal regulation the specifics criminal proceedings under martial law has been studied. When posing problem, it was stated that Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine significantly changed functioning state bodies and institutions, as a result which appropriate changes additions were made to number normative acts. This also affected procedure for conducting pre-trial investigation...

In multiagent systems the action that an agent chooses depends on the state of other agents. It is therefore important to have an accurate representation of the current world state. In case the world is only partially observable, an agent does not continually perceive the state of the other agents. It is then essential to model the actions of the other agents to predict their future state. In t...

Human grading of programming assignments is a tedious and error-prone task, a problem compounded by the large enrolments of many programming courses. As a result, students in such courses tend to be given fewer programming assignments than should be ideally given. One solution to this problem is to automate the grading process such that students can electronically submit their programming assig...