The aim of the study was to investigate effects of the triazine herbicide prometryne on red swamp crayfish on the basis of oxidative stress, antioxidant indices in hepatopancreas and muscle, and histopathology of hepatopancreas. Crayfish were exposed to prometryne concentrations of 0.51  μ g L(-1), 0.144 mg L(-1), and 1.144 mg L(-1) for 11 and 25 days. Indices of oxidative stress (thiobarbituri...

OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate effects of the triazine herbicide metribuzin on signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana by determining oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and antioxidant indices (total superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase) in hepatopancreas, muscle, and gill as well as assessing their histopathology. DESIGN Cray...

Biodegradation of xenobiotic compounds is examined with s-triazines as an example and with biological treatment of wastewater containing striazines as an aim. s-Triazines have been termed recalcitrant, but examination of the literature indicates that a potential for biodegradation exists. Ni t rogenl imi ted enr ichment cultures yield organisms able to degrade by-products of the industrial synt...

Cyanuric acid (2,4,6-trihydroxy-1,3,5-triazine, CA) is a highly polar and hydrophilic degradation product of symmetric triazine herbicides, fairly stable under environmental conditions. We investigated the applicability of reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ToF-MS) for qualitative and quantitative determination of CA in soils of different origin...

The triazines are a group of chemically similar herbicides including atrazine, cyanazine, and propazine, primarily used to control broadleaf weeds. About 64 to 80 million lbs of atrazine alone are used each year in the United States, making it one of the two most widely used pesticides in the country. All triazines are somewhat persistent in water and mobile in soil. They are among the most fre...

The properties relevant to pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of four series of synthesized s-triazine derivatives have been studied by Quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) approach. The chromatographic behavior of these compounds was investigated by using reversed-phase high performance thin-layer chromatography (RP-HPTLC). Chromatographic retention (RM0) was correlated with...

Single amino acid substitutions in the D1 protein of photosystem II may cause resistance to various herbicides. In all organisms studied these substitutions are located in or between helices IV and V of the protein. The increasing number of herbicide-resistant organisms necessitates development of a rapid methodology to characterize deviations from the wildtype sequence. Here, two procedures ar...

The use of chemical pesticides and herbicides has increased environmental pollution and affected ichthyofauna in the watersheds where they are used. We studied the effect of an herbicide, triazine, on the kidneys of two species (Caquetaia kraussii and Colossomna macropomum) widely found in Caribbean and South American rivers. In Venezuela, these species are abundant and have a high aquaculture ...

We developed a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS) method to measure metabolites of atrazine, phenylurea, and sulfonylurea herbicides in human urine. The metabolites measured in the method include atrazine mercapturate, desethyl atrazine, and desisopropyl atrazine as markers of atrazine exposure; dichlorophenyl urea, dichlorophenylmethyl urea, diuron, an...

Sorption interactions of plant cuticular matter with organic compounds are not yet fully understood. The objective of this study was to examine the competitive sorption-desorption interactions of the triazine herbicides (atrazine and ametryn) with cuticular fractions isolated from tomato fruits and leaves of Agave americana. The 13C NMR data suggest a rubber-like nature for the cutin. This biop...