This study analyzes the musicological Minuet by Luigi Boccherini which focuses on analysis of rhythm, melody, form and structure work. research includes qualitative with a content approach. Data were collected through literature study, observation, labor documentation. Based results it was found that minuet written in 48 bars, using 3 major strokes starting 3/4 time signature. The work consists...

The interest in the combination of probability with logics for modeling the world has rapidly increased in the last few years. One of the most effective approaches is the Distribution Semantics which was adopted by many logic programming languages and in Descripion Logics. In this paper, we illustrate the work we have done in this research field by presenting a probabilistic semantics for descr...

43 44 Many rhythmic behaviors, such as locomotion and vocalization, involve 45 temporally dynamic patterns. How does the brain generate temporal complexity? Here, 46 we use the vocal central pattern generator (CPG) of Xenopus laevis to address this 47 question. Isolated brains can elicit fictive vocalizations allowing us to study the CPG in 48 vitro. The X. laevis advertisement call is temporal...

The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) defines a Link Control Protocol (LCP) and a method for negotiating the use of multiprotocol traffic over point-to-point links. This document describes PPP support for the Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) Protocol, allowing direct communication between Routing Bridges (RBridges) via PPP links. Information about the current status of this docu...

This paper investigates the Qur’ānic conditionally pharyngealized sounds which are /rʕ/, /l/, and /a:/. The /rʕ/ sound undergoes a depharyngealization process. /l/ in word Allah, on other hand, exhibits pharyngealization, as does /a:/ sound. Hence, study aims to provide thorough examination of these phonological processes within Optimality Theory framework. also attempts answer following questi...

We analysed 2166 songs of 90 males of the tree pipit (Anthus trivialis; Passeriformes: Motacillidae) from five Czech localities to evaluate variation in song characteristics, the song structure and syntax rules, and differences between songs performed in flight and from perches. We measured temporal and spectral song characteristics; structure analysis was based on the identification of individ...

As darkness descends upon the tropical rainforests of Malaysia, male chirping katydids of the Mecopoda complex are just getting warmed up for their usual nightly concerts to woo the females. These nocturnal suitors are favoured for chirping in synchrony as a chorus; however, singing in time with one another is no easy task as they have to co-ordinate in the presence of the noisy serenades from ...

The method of principal component analysis, which is based on second-order statistics (or linear independence), has long been used for redundancy reduction of audio data. The more recent technique of independent component analysis, enforcing much stricter statistical criteria based on higher-order statistical independence, is introduced and shown to be far superior in separating independent mus...

The Kalman filter is a well-known tool used extensively in robotics, navigation, speech enhancement and finance. In this paper, we propose a novel pitch follower based on the Extended Complex Kalman Filter (ECKF). An advantage of this pitch follower is that it operates on a sample-by-sample basis, unlike other block-based algorithms that are most commonly used in pitch estimation. Thus, it esti...