The present investigation aims at assessing the hepatoprotective effect of triterpene fraction isolated from the stem bark of Wrightia tinctoria (containing lupeol, β-amyrin and β-sitosterol) on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat. CCl4 (1.5 mg/kg, i.p) is a potent hepatotoxic agent which causes peroxidative degeneration of membrane lipids with the potential outcome of fatty degeneration. Th...

To conform to the multiple regulations of triterpene biosynthesis, the gene encoding farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPS) was transformed into Panax notoginseng (P. notoginseng) cells in which RNA interference (RNAi) of the cycloartenol synthase (CAS) gene had been accomplished. Transgenic cell lines showed both higher expression levels of FPS and lower expression levels of CAS compared to the...

In Hot or Warm Dark Matter universes the density fluctuations at early times contain very little power below a characteristic wavelength related inversely to the particle mass. We study how discreteness noise influences the growth of nonlinear structures smaller than this coherence scale in N -body simulations of cosmic structure formation. It has been known for 20 years that HDM simulations in...

Identification of unknown metabolites is the bottleneck in advancing metabolomics, leaving interpretation of metabolomics results ambiguous. The chemical diversity of metabolism is vast, making structure identification arduous and time consuming. Currently, comprehensive analysis of mass spectra in metabolomics is limited to library matching, but tandem mass spectral libraries are small compare...

phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of euphorbia erythradenia bioss. (euphorbiaceae), one of iranian endemic euphorbias, with particular attention to triterpene constituents, using methanol solvent extraction was carried out. five known triterpenes, including four cycloartanes and oleanolic acid, were isolated for the first time and identified using nmr and mass techniques. anti hiv...

Sea cucumbers, sometimes referred to as marine ginseng, produce numerous compounds with diverse functions and are potential sources of active ingredients for agricultural, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical products. We examined the viscera of an Australian sea cucumber Holothuria lessoni Massin et al. 2009, for novel bioactive compounds, with an emphasis on the triterpene glycosid...

This study reports for the first time the complete liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses performed in negative ion mode of saturated unsulfated chondroitin oligosaccharides up to 16-mers and comparison with hyaluronic acid (HA) oligomers differing only in the nature of the hexosamine residue. MS/MS of the chondr...

From 19 species of Galium, members of 6 European sections of the genus, 24 compounds were isolated, namely 16 iridoid glucosides, 2 secoiridoid glucosides and 6 triterpene saponins (the later found only in G. rivale (Sibth. & Sm. Griseb.) The iridoid content was analyzed by thin layer chromatography - densitometry. An effort was made to clarify interspecies relationships, based on the obtained ...

One-step isolation of a saponin from Aralia elata was undertaken using high-speed countercurrent chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection. A triterpenoid saponin, elatoside F, was purified with 96.8% purity using a two-phase-system comprising chloroform-methanol-water-isopropanol. The yield was 35.0 mg from 348.2 mg of the enriched saponin fraction. In vitro anti-infla...

We present a QCD based interpretation of heavy quark fragmentation which utilizes the heavy quark mass expansion. By distinguishing between perturbative and non-perturbative QCD effects, we show how to reliably extract mass independent parameters characterizing the fragmentation function. Because these parameters are quark mass independent, this procedure should permit tests of heavy quark symm...