Importance sampling is a fundamental Monte Carlo technique. It involves generating a sample from a proposal distribution in order to estimate some property of a target distribution. Importance sampling can be highly sensitive to the choice of proposal distribution, and fails if the proposal distribution does not sufficiently well approximate the target. Procedures which involve truncation of la...

Balancing between computational efficiency and sample efficiency is an important goal in reinforcement learning. Temporal difference (TD) learning algorithms stochastically update the value function, with a linear time complexity in the number of features, whereas least-squares temporal difference (LSTD) algorithms are sample efficient but can be quadratic in the number of features. In this wor...

We consider a range of attacks on reduced-round variants of the block cipher Skipjack. In particular we concentrate on the role of truncated differentials and consider what insight they give us into the design and long-term security of Skipjack. An attack on the full 32 rounds of Skipjack remains elusive. However we give attacks on the first 16 rounds of Skipjack that can efficiently recover th...

Knowledge of a truncated Fourier series expansion for a discontinuous 2^-periodic function, or a truncated Chebyshev series expansion for a discontinuous nonperiodic function defined on the interval [-1, 1], is used in this paper to accurately and efficiently reconstruct the corresponding discontinuous function. First an algebraic equation of degree M for the M locations of discontinuities in e...

N.P. Lourie, D.T. Chuss, R.M. Henry, E.J. Wollack Abstract The design, fabrication, and performance of truncated circular and square waveguide cross-sections are presented. An emphasis is placed upon numerical and experimental validation of simple analytical formulae that describe the propagation properties of these structures. A test component, a 90-degree phase shifter, was fabricated and tes...

Background and Aims: DNA constructs containing HCV antigens have become one of the vaccine candidates for induction of anti-HCV cellular and humoral immunity. In this study, we constructed a novel expressing vector harboring a fusion sequence derived from an overlapping fragment in the middle of NS3 and a truncated core fragment to avoid troubles reported to be associated with full gene express...

Let n > 1 and let u and v be integers in the interval 0 6 u, v < 2. We write M(n) for the cost of computing the full product of u and v, which is just the usual 2n-bit product uv. Unless otherwise specified, by ‘cost’ we mean the number of bit operations, under a model such as the multitape Turing machine [12]. In this paper we are interested in two types of truncated product. The low product o...

After many years of research in lattice QCD, it was possible to formulate QCD with chiral fermions on the lattice [1–4]. The basic idea is an expanded flavor space which may be seen as an extra dimension with left and right handed fermions defined in the two opposite boundaries or walls. Let N be the size of the extra dimension, DW the Wilson-Dirac operator, and m the bare fermion mass. Then, t...

In 1991 Lai, Massey and Murphy introduced the IPES (Improved Proposed Encryption Standard), later renamed IDEA (International Data Encryption Algorithm). In this paper we analyse versions of IDEA with a reduced number of rounds. We consider diierential attacks using truncated diierentials, which can be used to cryptanalyse, at least in theory, up to 3.5 rounds of IDEA. The attack on 3.5 rounds ...

Using a result of J-M. Bony, we prove the weak involutivity of truncated microsupports. More precisely, given a sheaf F on a real manifold and k ∈ Z, if two functions vanish on SSk(F ), then so does their Poisson bracket.