ETCO2 increased to 45 mmHg. We could not pass a suction catheter beyond a distance of 24 cm from the entrance of the tracheal tube. Using a fibrescope, we could see the appearance of a meniscus and a crescent shape on the inner wall. Because of the prone position, we could not change the tube but managed to maintain ventilation, saturation and ETCO2 within the normal range by a change of ventil...

OBJECTIVE The acetabular buttress-plate has been widely used in treating difficult cases with satisfying clinical results. However, the biomechanical properties of a postoperative acetabular fracture fixed by the buttress-plate are not clear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical properties of stability after the anterior tube buttress-plate fixation of complex acetabular ...

HEADINGS Tube feeding. Enteral nutrition. Anthropometry. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy. ABSTRACT Background -The correct placement of a nasogastric tube for enteral nutrition is subject of several investigations, demonstrating the controversy of the procedure. Aim To establish an external measure that can correspond to the internal measurement which determines the insertion length of nasogastric f...

Two-phase flow regimes are affected by conduit position, alignment, geometry, flow direction, physical characteristics, and flow rate of each phase as well as the heat flux toward the boundaries. Due to the importance of two-phase flow, numerous regimes have been identified. The first step in studying micro-bubble formation inside a venturi tube is to recognize the type of flow regimes. In this...

Background: Control and maintenance of endotracheal tube cuff pressure and prevention of sore throat are major concerns in post-anesthesia care. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate changes in the pressure of the endotracheal tube cuff filled with saline versus air and post-anesthesia sore throat when the position is altered from supine to lateral. <st...

BACKGROUND Malpositioning of the endotracheal tube within the airway leads to serious complications such as endobronchial intubation. Prediction of the correct depth of an endotracheal tube is important and should be individualized. The manubriosternal joint (MSJ) is on the same horizontal plane with the tracheal carina. We compared the straight length from the upper incisor to the MSJ in the f...